Migração de aves na região do cerrado do Brasil Central

O presente trabalho procura dar uma visão geral sobre o conhecimento atual das migrações de aves e particularizá-las na área do cerrado do Brasil Central.Revista do Serviço Público, ano 40 v.111, n. 4, p. 159-162Número padronizado: v. 40, n. 4 (1983)Desenvolvimento SustentávelISSN eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN impresso: 0034-924

Rainy cycles in South America as a driver for the breeding of the Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) and the Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) (Aves, Charadriiformes)

The Black Skimmer (Rynchops niger) and the Large-billed Tern (Phaetusa simplex) are two migratory waterbirds that breed simultaneously on many river beaches in South America. Both are polytypic taxa with little information about the distribution and nonbreeding (“wintering”) areas. Based on data from the literature, citizen science websites, fieldwork, and specimens housed in natural history museums, we revised the distribution of some of the main breeding colonies in South America, comparing it with continental rainy cycles to identify generalities about the role of precipitation seasonality on the defining intratropical migration routes of these species. Our data suggest that the seasonal precipitation cycle of South America directly influences the reproductive timing and distribution of both species, which is largely circumscribed by South America’s rivers. After breeding on sandy beaches during the dry season, both species disperse in small groups or even individually – not in large flocks as seen in breeding areas – making it difficult to find general migration patterns during the rainy season. Nonetheless, individuals of both species tend to follow the course of the largest rivers of the continent and even alternative routes to disperse into several areas throughout South America during the nonbreeding season

A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS ÁREAS PARTICULARES NA CONSERVAÇÃO DA AVIFAUNA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL

O estado de São Paulo possui 793 espécies de aves, representando 41% da avifauna do Brasil. Apesar deste número, muitos remanescentes de fitofisionomias nativas ainda não foram estudados, nomeadamente em propriedades privadas. Para fortalecer os planos e ações de conservação de aves em todo o estado, é necessário detalhar a distribuição das espécies e seu status populacional. Os remanescentes de propriedades privadas podem desempenhar um papel importante para cumprir esses objetivos. Inventários ornitológicos foram realizados em seis propriedades da CIA. Suzano de Papel e Celulose S.A., em cinco regiões do estado de São Paulo. Cada fazenda teve sua riqueza e composição de espécies de aves estudadas usando duas abordagens diferentes. Em julho de 2004, eles foram avaliados em uma Avaliação Ecológica Rápida. Em 2005 e 2006 foi feito um inventário que utilizou três métodos simultâneos de coleta de dados (redes-de-neblina, censo por ponto e observações), somando 48 dias de campo. Ao todo, foram detectadas 342 espécies de aves, sendo 10 consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, 24 migratórias, 105 endêmicas do bioma Mata Atlântica e duas endêmicas do bioma Cerrado. A região da Serra da Mantiqueira apresentou um elevado número de espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Na região de Itatinga foi detectado uma movimentação de aves florestais utilizando corredores florestais. Os resultados destacaram a importância de inventários de campo devidamente conduzidos em áreas privadas, como essas fazendas silviculturais, para produzir dados úteis para uma avaliação completa da avifauna do estado de São Paulo. As fazendas desempenham um papel importante na conservação das comunidades de aves, abrigando espécies migratórias, ameaçadas e endêmicas

CONSERVATION OF THE ORINOCO GOOSE (NEOCHEN JUBATA) IN THE MIDDLE ARAGUAIA RIVER, TOCANTINS, BRAZIL.

The Orinoco goose, (Neochen jubata) is a grazing herbivore of open habitats that was once widely distributed in tropical South America. Centuries of overhunting and habitat loss have reduced it to widely scattered remnant populations; it is categorized as Near Threatened globally. Within the Cerrado biome, the Middle Araguaia River houses the largest remnant population. In August 2017, a study was started to assess the situation of the Orinoco Goose in the regions of Araguaia National Park, Cantão State Park, and adjacent rice fields. We conducted counts from an aerial census (a 700 km transect), monthly boat censuses (40 km) and land censuses in rice plantations. The aircraft census counted 367 individuals in August 2017, while monthly monitoring of a stretch of the lower Javaés River over more than two years showed a seasonal population variation associated with the flood regime, with the species virtually disappearing during the flood period between January and April when river beaches are submerged. During this period, large flocks of about 1,000 Orinoco Geese were discovered not far away, concentrated in small stretches of rice plantation agro-systems in the region.  This behavioral seasonal concentration makes the species susceptible to poisoning and epizootic diseases. The findings suggest the need to re-categorize the Orinoco Goose population of the Middle Araguaia River as “Threatened” for the State of Tocantins due to the decline observed in the last 10 years, the maximum estimated population size, and the significant seasonal concentrations in a restricted area. At the same time, it is necessary to develop an action plan for its conservation in the surroundings of Ilha do Bananal, and throughout Brazil, where its threat status must be reviewed

Satellite telemetry of Blue-throated Macaws in Barba Azul Nature Reserve (Beni, Bolivia) reveals likely breeding areas

The Blue-throated Macaw (Ara glaucogularis) is a Critically Endangered species endemic to the Llanos de Moxos ecosystem of Beni, Bolivia. To aid conservation of the northwestern population that utilizes the Barba Azul Nature Reserve during the non-breeding season, we set out to learn the sites where these birds breed using satellite telemetry. We describe preliminary tests conducted on captive birds (at Loro Parque Foundation, Tenerife, Spain) that resulted in choosing Geotrak Parrot Collars, a metal, battery-operated unit that provides data through the Argos satellite system. In September 2019, we tagged three birds in Barba Azul with Geotrak collars, and received migration data for two birds, until battery depletion in November and December 2019. Our two migrant birds were tracked leaving Barba Azul on the same date (27 September), but departed in divergent directions (approximately 90 degrees in separation). They settled in two sites approximately 50-100 km from Barba Azul. Some details of the work are restricted out of conservation concern as the species still faces poaching pressures. Knowing their likely breeding grounds, reserve managers conducted site visits to where the birds were tracked, resulting in the discovery of breeding birds, although no birds still carrying a transmitter were seen then. A single individual still carrying its collar was spotted 13 August 2021 at Barba Azul. The work suggests that the Blue-throated Macaws of Barba Azul use breeding sites that are scattered across the Llanos de Moxos region, although within the recognized boundaries of the northwestern subpopulation. We conclude that the use of satellite collars is a feasible option for research with the species and could provide further conservation insights

Migração de aves na região do cerrado do Brasil Central

O presente trabalho procura dar uma visão geral sobre o conhecimento atual das migrações de aves e particularizá-las na área do cerrado do Brasil Central.Revista do Serviço Público, ano 40 v.111, n. 4, p. 159-162Número padronizado: v. 40, n. 4 (1983)Desenvolvimento SustentávelISSN eletrônico: 2357-8017ISSN impresso: 0034-924