地域振興と食の実践活動を通した地域連携：北海道富良野緑峰高校の取り組みを通した高校公民教科への展開

研究ノー

北海道富良野市におけるふらのワインの成立と展開

In this study, “Furano Wine” in Furano City, Hokkaido, which is run by the government, is considered for “Sake Brewery Tourism,” which has been attracting attention in recent years as part of the diversified development of food tourism in Japan. An overview of the historical transition of Furano wine is outlined with the inclusion of a map of the distribution of vineyards. Furthermore, aerial photographs taken in 1967, 1977, and 1989 are compared to consider the changes to around the Furano winery from a spatial perspective.In addition, how the government conducts sightseeing through Furano wine is clarified from the perspectives of the winery’s hardware and software, its events, and interviews with government officials. Issues in developing sake brewery tourism were also highlighted. Finally, this study categorized and schematized the possibilities of developing tourism centered on “Furano Wine” in Furano City.論

地域社会における「姉妹都市」提携の機能と直面する課題（2） : 小田原市の事例

The purpose of this study is to examine the present conditions and problems of the sister city affiliation grappled by Odawara city. The affiliation was performed between Odawara city and Chula Vista city in 1981. Odawara International Friendship Association（OIFA）was organized in 1982 and supported various international exchange. However, the affiliation is limited to the youth exchange program and citizen visiting party dispatch. The problems on the management organization of the sister city exchange program can also be pointed out. "Odawara TRY Plan" was decided as a comprehensive plan of new city planning in Odawara in 2011. Introducing international exchange program to the plan was proposed by the authors.原著論

島根県におけるワーケーションを通した移住・定住促進に向けての可能性

研究ノー

京都における写真観光による地域活性化：八坂庚申堂におけるInstagram 観光の事例を中心として

The purpose of this study was to make it clear the relationship between photography (especially Instagram) and tourist destinations from the viewpoint of tourism geography in the Kyoto area.In recent years, there have been an increasing number of cases in which photography affects tourism through SNS and other means, leading to regional revitalization. The following two points can be pointed out when considering why photography can be a means of regional revitalization.First photography has visual appeal and can be expressed in non-verbal terms. Considering this point from the viewpoint of tourism, photographs are not accompanied by writing, so the appeal is directly conveyed. In addition, because of its multilingual existence, the excitement of photography is universal. Second, it can be pointed out that there is a possibility of making new discoveries from the perspective of others. By looking at the pictures taken by the psychological reaction of others, you can know the viewpoints of others that you do not have, which may lead to unexpected attractions of tourist destinations and new discoveries.This study examines the background that photography tourism, including Instagram tourism, has become familiar and has a great influence on us, the formation of visual communication and changes in tourism behavior, and the possibility of regional revitalization of photography. We clarified the formation process of the sustainable relationship between photography and tourist destinations in three stages, and considered the background.Until now, the target of Instagram tourism has been the way tourism resources areperceived as “points,” as in Yasaka Koshindo. However, in this paper, not only the activation of tourism resources as such “points”, but also the structure as “lines” of Yumemizaka, and the “face and region” that makes use of Vista centered on Yumemizaka-Yasaka Tower. The process by which tourism resources have been attracting attention has been clarified in chronological order while also giving an overview of efforts to preserve the landscape of this area.論

「京都学」を学ぶための文献ガイド

学問のひろ

First-in-human phase 1 trial of hemoglobin vesicles as artificial red blood cells developed for use as a transfusion alternative

[Figure: see text

地域社会における「姉妹都市」提携の機能と直面する課題（1） : 「姉妹都市」提携の歴史と広がり

The purpose of this study is to look back on the history and spread of sister city affiliation and to examine the various roles that sister city affiliation played in the regional communities. The first affiliation in Japan was performed between Nagasaki city and Saint Paul city in 1955. The U.S. President’s policy served as the backdrop of the affiliation. The policy proposed by Eisenhower（1890-1969）was called "People to people program." In 1988, the Council of Local Authorities for International Relations （CLAIR）was established to promote the various international exchange of local governments. Up to the present, 867 local governments grappled with the sister city affiliation. However, due to serious financial difficulties with which local governments are faced, the international exchange budget is reduced and the enterprise is not tackled positively. The future subject about the sister city affiliation is discussed.原著論

地域社会における「姉妹都市」提携の機能と直面する課題（3）：Adelaide 市と姫路市との「姉妹都市」提携事業として姫路市立動物園に寄贈されたウォンバットの事例

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of wombats presented to Himeji City Zoo as symbols of Adelaide-Himeji friendship. The affiliation was performed between Adelaide city and Himeji city in 1982. In remembrance of the affiliation, wombats were presented to Himeji City Zoo in 1985.However, Himeji City Zoo didn’t make use of wombats for strategy for increasing visitors. The strategy adopted by the zoo was incorporation with various events held by Himeji city. This is at the opposite extreme from Satsukiyama Zoo in Ikeda city. The meaning of animals exchange as a symbol of sister city affiliation was discussed.原著論

The environmental costs and benefits of high-yield farming

How we manage farming and food systems to meet rising demand is pivotal to the future of biodiversity. Extensive field data suggest impacts on wild populations would be greatly reduced through boosting yields on existing farmland so as to spare remaining natural habitats. High-yield farming raises other concerns because expressed per unit area it can generate high levels of externalities such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient losses. However, such metrics underestimate the overall impacts of lower-yield systems, so here we develop a framework that instead compares externality and land costs per unit production. Applying this to diverse datasets describing the externalities of four major farm sectors reveals that, rather than involving trade-offs, the externality and land costs of alternative production systems can co-vary positively: per unit production, land-efficient systems often produce lower externalities. For GHG emissions these associations become more strongly positive once forgone sequestration is included. Our conclusions are limited: remarkably few studies report externalities alongside yields; many important externalities and farming systems are inadequately measured; and realising the environmental benefits of high-yield systems typically requires additional measures to limit farmland expansion. Yet our results nevertheless suggest that trade-offs among key cost metrics are not as ubiquitous as sometimes perceived. There is an author correction to this article. See: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0138-5We are grateful for funding from the Cambridge Conservation Initiative Collaborative Fund and Arcadia, the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment, the Kenneth Miller Trust the UK-China Virtual Joint Centre for Agricultural Nitrogen (CINAg, 780 BB/N013468/1, financed by the Newton Fund via BBSRC and NERC), BBSRC (BBS/E/C/000I0330), DEVIL (NE/M021327/1), U-GRASS (NE/M016900/1), Soils-R-GRREAT (NE/P019455/1), N-Circle (BB/N013484/1), BBSRC Soil to Nutrition (S2N) strategic programme (BBS/E/C/000I0330), UNAM-PAPIIT (IV200715), the Belmont Forum/FACEE-JPI (NE/M021327/1 ‘DEVIL’), and the Cambridge Earth System Science NERC DTP (NE/L002507/1); AB is supported by a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit award