Struktura proteina i profil plazmida bakterija mliječne kiseline izoliranih iz tradicionalnog pakistanskog fermentiranog mliječnog proizvoda

A total of 116 isolates were identified from randomly collected market dahi samples from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Lactic acid bacteria dominated the microbial population of dahi and were identified according to their morphological and physiological characteristics. Among these lactobacilli were frequently occurring organisms. The phenotypic and biochemical analyses gave a diversity of species (8 presumptive species). The most abundant species were Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (28 isolates) and Streptococcus thermophilus (25 isolates). Some contaminants such as Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and Saccharomyces spp. were also observed. The whole cell protein profiles of selected strains of lactic acid bacteria were examined by SDS-PAGE. It was observed that each species yielded a different electrophoretic pattern. It was further observed that among the strains investigated for the analysis of plasmid DNA 22 strains were found positive, 8 strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus followed by 5 of L. acidophilus, 4 of L. casei, 3 of L. helveticus and one of each L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, whereas no plasmid was observed in S. thermophilus and L. lactis strains investigated during the study. All the plasmids isolated were mostly large size plasmids and ranged from 20 to 25 kb in size.U nasumce sakupljenim uzorcima mliječnog proizvoda dahi u Rawalpindiju, Pakistan, identificirano je 116 izolata. Prema njihovim morfološkim i fiziološkim svojstvima utvrđeno je da su bakterije mliječne kiseline dominantna populacija mikroorganizama, od kojih je najviše laktobacila. Fenotipskom i biokemijskom analizom prikazana je raznolikost vrsta (8 vjerojatnih vrsta), a najbrojnije su bile Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (28 izolata) i Streptococcus thermophilus (25 izolata). Primijećeni su i neki drugi uzročnici kvarenja kao što su Staphylococcus, Micrococcus i Saccharomyces spp. Profili proteina stanica odabranih sojeva bakterija mliječne kiseline ispitani su postupkom SDS-PAGE, pri čemu je svaka vrsta dala drukčiju elektroforetsku sliku. U 22 ispitana soja (8 sojeva L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, 5 sojeva L. acidophilus, 4 soja L. casei, 3 soja L. helveticus i po jedan soj L. delbureckii subsp. delbrueckii i L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis) utvrđena je prisutnost plazmida, a u sojevima S. thermophilus i L. lactis nisu primijećeni. Gotovo svi izolirani plazmidi bili su veličine od 20 do 25 kb

Struktura proteina i profil plazmida bakterija mliječne kiseline izoliranih iz tradicionalnog pakistanskog fermentiranog mliječnog proizvoda

A total of 116 isolates were identified from randomly collected market dahi samples from Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Lactic acid bacteria dominated the microbial population of dahi and were identified according to their morphological and physiological characteristics. Among these lactobacilli were frequently occurring organisms. The phenotypic and biochemical analyses gave a diversity of species (8 presumptive species). The most abundant species were Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (28 isolates) and Streptococcus thermophilus (25 isolates). Some contaminants such as Staphylococcus, Micrococcus and Saccharomyces spp. were also observed. The whole cell protein profiles of selected strains of lactic acid bacteria were examined by SDS-PAGE. It was observed that each species yielded a different electrophoretic pattern. It was further observed that among the strains investigated for the analysis of plasmid DNA 22 strains were found positive, 8 strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus followed by 5 of L. acidophilus, 4 of L. casei, 3 of L. helveticus and one of each L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii and L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, whereas no plasmid was observed in S. thermophilus and L. lactis strains investigated during the study. All the plasmids isolated were mostly large size plasmids and ranged from 20 to 25 kb in size.U nasumce sakupljenim uzorcima mliječnog proizvoda dahi u Rawalpindiju, Pakistan, identificirano je 116 izolata. Prema njihovim morfološkim i fiziološkim svojstvima utvrđeno je da su bakterije mliječne kiseline dominantna populacija mikroorganizama, od kojih je najviše laktobacila. Fenotipskom i biokemijskom analizom prikazana je raznolikost vrsta (8 vjerojatnih vrsta), a najbrojnije su bile Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (28 izolata) i Streptococcus thermophilus (25 izolata). Primijećeni su i neki drugi uzročnici kvarenja kao što su Staphylococcus, Micrococcus i Saccharomyces spp. Profili proteina stanica odabranih sojeva bakterija mliječne kiseline ispitani su postupkom SDS-PAGE, pri čemu je svaka vrsta dala drukčiju elektroforetsku sliku. U 22 ispitana soja (8 sojeva L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, 5 sojeva L. acidophilus, 4 soja L. casei, 3 soja L. helveticus i po jedan soj L. delbureckii subsp. delbrueckii i L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis) utvrđena je prisutnost plazmida, a u sojevima S. thermophilus i L. lactis nisu primijećeni. Gotovo svi izolirani plazmidi bili su veličine od 20 do 25 kb

Assessment of Thyroid Stimulating Hormones (TSH) Levels In Patients with goiter, A Clinicopathological Study

Objective: To determine the blood level of TSH in individuals with goiter being clinically Euthyroid & having a normal blood level of T3 & T4.Duration & Place of study: January 2015 to June 2015 at PIMS & NORI, Islamabad Study Design: Descriptive study.Methodology: One hundred and eighty-two subjects were studied to assess the role of TSH in the development of goiter in the euthyroid goitrous population of Islamabad and Rawalpindi area. The euthyroid goitrous subjects were selected by clinical examination. Radioisotope uptake scan was done to confirm the clinical assessment of the status of the thyroid gland. The estimation of the serum levels of the thyroid hormones and TSH was done by RIA. Results: There were 19 (10.4%) males and 163 (89.6%) females between 8 years and 70 years of age. Mean age was 33.76 + 13.77 years. There were 16 individuals who revealed deranged TSH with 8 showing increased & 8 decreased TSH. The mean age in these individuals was 37.63 + 12.52 years. The goiter type was diffuse in 8, Diffuse Nodular (DN) in 3 and multinodular goiter (MNG) in 5 individuals. In patients with normal TSH the goiter type was Diffuse in 72, DN in 60 and MNG in 50 individuals. The means and SD of T3/T4 ratio was 12.86 + 2.38 (p=0.5596) and for TSH serum level in Euthyroid goiter was 1.37 + 1.41 mIU/l.(p=0.6915)Conclusion: Patients with goiterous enlargement may or may not have normal TSH levels  &nbsp

Characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from indigenous dahi samples for potential source of starter culture

Diversity and density of lactic acid bacteria from indigenous dahi were studied by the determination of morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics. A total of 143 isolates were identified phenotypically and divided into three genera: Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus. The microorganisms isolated were Lactobacillus bulgaricus (23.77%), Streptococcus thermophilus (26.57%), Lactococcus lactis (13.9%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (9.79%), Lactobacillus lactis (9.79%), Lactobacillus delbreuckii (4.89%), Lactobacillus helveticus (2.79%), Lactobacillus casei (1.39%), Lactobacillus casei ssp. psuedoplantarum (2.79%), Streptococcus cremoris (2.09%) and Streptococcus lactis sub. diacetylactis (2.09%).Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, fermented milk, dahi, characterization.African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(33), pp. 5226-523

Aligning technical and organizational aspects of complex manufacturing systems

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1997.Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-149).by Tariq Masud Shaukat.M.S

Some compositional and biochemical attributes of jaman fruit (Syzygium cumini L.) from Potowar region of Pakistan

Jaman (syzygium cumini L.) is among the neglected fruits of tropical and sub-tropical regions having certain food and pharmaceutical values. Numerous studies are available world over on the compositional potentials of this fruit; however, very limited work has been done in Pakistan. The present investigation was therefore undertaken to assess some compositional properties and antioxidant potentials of jaman fruit parts. Proximate composition in terms of crude protein, fat, fiber and ash content were estimated in pulp, skin and seed portions and found in the range of 3.57-5.05%, 1.60-8.00%, 3.09-3.33%, 4.51-6.21% respectively. Seed was leading in protein, fat, ash and crude fiber, whereas varying levels were found in pulp and skin. Among the chemical attributes, total sugars, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid were assessed only in fruit pulp on dry weight basis that were 52.48%, 5.66% and 187.63 mg. 100g-1, while total soluble solids (9.11oBrix) were estimated in fresh pulp. Bioactive composition revealed that jaman fruit parts were rich in phenolics (4812.03- 5103.03 mg GAE. 100g-1), flavonoids (2380-3920 mg QE. 100g-1), anthocyanins (272.26-384.32 mg Cya.3-rut E. 100g-1) and antioxidant activity (82.52-90.66%). Fruit skin had higher amounts of bioactive components and antioxidant capacity followed by pulp and seed. All fruit parts were rich in mineral composition; however, seed had higher contents followed by skin and pulp. Among the individual minerals, potassium, phosphorus and calcium were abundant followed by magnesium, sodium and iron respectively. These findings revealed that Syzygium cumini fruit is a junction of health promoting phytochemicals and major mineral elements

Influence of Packaging Material and Ethylene Scavenger on Biochemical Composition and Enzyme Activity of Apricot Cv. Habi at Ambient Storage

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of different packaging materials and ethylene absorbent on biochemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme activity of apricot cv. Habi during ambient storage. Perforated (0.25%) polyethylene films of low, medium and high densities and wrapping paper were used along with KMnO4 dipped sponge cubes. Biochemical characteristics (pH, ascorbic acid, phenolics and carotenoids), antioxidants and enzyme activity were determined at 2 day intervals during storage. The results demonstrated that low density polyethylene retained maximum chemical and bioactive compounds, higher antioxidant activity and lower enzyme activities during storage, while the maximum loss of quality was observed in control and paper wrapped sets followed by high and medium density packaging films. It was concluded that apricot harvested at commercial maturity stage and packed with low density polyethylene films along with ethylene scavenger (KMnO4) can be successfully stored at ambient conditions up to two weeks. Keywords: Apricot, biochemical composition, packaging material; ethylene absorbent, ambient storag

Storage stability of potato variety Lady Rosetta under comparative temperature regimes

Potatoes are usually stored under low temperatures for sprout prevention and to ensure their continuous supply. Low temperature sweetening in potato is the major temperature related disorder being faced by the growers and is also known to be associated with variety specific storage temperature. The present study aimed at identifying the appropriate storage temperature for the premium potato variety Lady Rosetta with special reference to the changes in its quality attributes, that is weight loss, total sugars, starch, ascorbic acids, total phenolic contents, radical scavenging activity, enzymatic activities and potato chip color. The selected potato variety was stored under different temperature (5, 15 and 25oC) regimes to identify appropriate storage temperature. Our results showed significant variations in the tested quality attributes in response to different storage temperatures. Storage at 5oC maintained tuber dormancy up to 126 days, however, found associated with increased sugar accumulation (2.32 g/100 g), rapid starch depletion (13.25 g/100 g) and poor post processing performance (L-value, 52.00). In contrast, potato storage at 15oC retained lower sugar contents (1.33 g/100g) and superior chip color (L-value, 59.33) till the end of storage. However, they were found associated with the increased polyphenol oxidase (38.47 U/g f.w) and peroxidase (15.25 U/100 g f.w) activities as compare to those potatoes stored at 5oC during the same storage period. Storage life of potato tubers at 25oC was significantly reduced due to dormancy break on 84th day and subsequent starch degradation (15.29 g/100 g) increased sugar accumulation (1.32 g/100 g) and increased polyphenol oxidase (79.89 U/g f.w) and peroxidase activities (40.69 U/100 g f.w). Our results showed that potato variety Lady Rosetta is cold sensitive and requires specific temperature for prolonged storage and best post processing performance

Transition in Tuber Quality Attributes of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Different Packaging Systems During Storage

The suitability of different packaging materials i.e. jute, nylon, polypropylene, cotton, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene were studied for tubers of the premium potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) variety “Lady Rosetta”. After harvest, potato tubers were washed, sorted, graded, cured, and subsequently stored in different packaging materials at ambient temperature (25±2 °C). Changes in quality attributes of potato tubers under different packaging materials were studied on the basis of their physico-chemical and functional parameters. Overall results revealed that packaging materials had a significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect on many important quality attributes. Generally, weight loss, glucose and glycoalkaloid amounts, and polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities increased, while ascorbic acid contents decreased with increasing storage time. Total phenolic contents and radical scavenging activity showed a nearly parabolic trend during the storage period. Amongst the different packaging materials employed, potatoes stored in polypropylene and low-density polyethylene presented the best overall retention of vital quality attributes during 63 days storage. However, the higher tensile strength of polypropylene packaging made it a more durable and thus more effective material for prolonged potato tuber storage, a characteristic having clear advantages when used in typical marketing supply chains

Camel milk as an alternative treatment regimen for diabetes therapy

Camel milk is a valuable source of nutrition with a wide range of therapeutic effects. Its unique composition helps to regulate the blood glucose level. The current study is aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects, as well as lipid profile restoration of camel milk in the diabetic mouse model. This innovative study evaluates the therapeutic effects of camel milk in diabetic mice by simultaneous measurement of blood glucose, HbA1c, ALT, AST, TG, cholesterol, and histopathological studies. The results showed that camel milk has significantly reduced blood glucose, HbA1c (p < .001), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < .01), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (p < .01), compared to that in the diabetic control group. Also, the therapeutic effects of camel milk were completely comparable with the antidiabetic drug glibenclamide. The results of this study suggest that camel milk could be used as a proper alternative treatment regimen for diabetes therapy