Papillon-Lefevre syndrome with arachnodactyly and associated aggressive periodontitis: A rare case report with review of literature

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The prevalence of this disorder has been reported to be 1 to 4 per million in the general population. The prime features of PLS include palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis along with premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth due to aggressive periodontitis. Radiological feature involves severe destruction of alveolar bone giving teeth a typical “floating in air” appearance along with intra-cranial calcifications. Clinical findings of disease specific dermatologic manifestations and periodontal involvement forms the framework of the diagnosis. Clinical significance: As PLS involves severe irreparable destruction of alveolar bone and tooth loss, both dental clinicians and dermatologists opinion is required for both initial and long term management of this disease followed by psychological counselling

Performance Comparison of Load Balancing Algorithms using Cloud Analyst in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is now-a-days the most trending field in Information technology which facilitates the users to access everything they need on the internet from software’s to the resources. The user just need to request to the server to access the required requirement. Different architecture of cloud computing includes parallel and distributed computing which enable the remote area users to access the resources efficiently. Client from different geographical areas generate the request to the server and in response server has to assign the tasks to the available servers for efficiently working. As the distributed environment is growing, problems of load balancing is also emerging and trying to seek our attention. Different algorithms are used in cloud computing to face this challenge of loading the balance of data among servers. Some of them are discussed in this article and simulation is performed using the cloud analyst tool to see the performance comparison among them. Round robin is found best among the being compared

Starlike Functions Associated with Bernoulli’s Numbers of Second Kind

The aim of this paper is to introduce a class of starlike functions that are related to Bernoulli’s numbers of the second kind. Let φBS(ξ)=ξeξ−12=∑n=0∞ξnBn2n!, where the coefficients of Bn2 are Bernoulli numbers of the second kind. Then, we introduce a subclass of starlike functions such that ξ′(ξ)(ξ)≺φBS(ξ). We found out the coefficient bounds, several radii problems, structural formulas, and inclusion relations. We also found sharp Hankel determinant problems of this class

Intentional re-implantation in a left mandibular second molar with broken file in apical third of mesiobuccal root: a case report

Intentional re-implantation is done in cases of endodontic failures where conventional treatment options either fail or cannot be carried out due to any reason. It involves extraction of the offending tooth, extra oral apicectomy, followed by reinsertion of the tooth into its anatomical location. The following case report presents a situation where an endodontic instrument was separated in the mesiobuccal root of the left mandibular second molar during instrumentation that could not be retrieved. The decision of intentional re-implantation was made after detailed discussion with the patient, weighing pros and cons of each available treatment option. Fortunately, a favourable outcome was observed over a span of one year and the patient is still on follow-up for evaluation of long-term prognosis. Key Words: Intentional re-implantation, Apicectomy, Broken file

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome with Arachnodactyly and Associated Aggressive Periodontitis: A Rare Case Report with Review of Literature

Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS) is a autosomal recessive genetic disorder. The prevalence of this disorder has been reported to be 1 to 4 per million in the general population. The prime features of PLS include palmar-plantar hyperkeratosis along with premature loss of deciduous and permanent teeth due to aggressive periodontitis. Radiological feature involves severe destruction of alveolar bone giving teeth a typical “floating in air” appearance along with intra-cranial calcifications. Clinical findings of disease specific dermatologic manifestations and periodontal involvement forms the framework of the diagnosis. Clinical significance: As PLS involves severe irreparable destruction of alveolar bone and tooth loss, both dental clinicians and dermatologists opinion is required for both initial and long term management of this disease followed by psychological counselling

Correction: Hesperidin improves insulin resistance via down-regulation of inflammatory responses: Biochemical analysis and in silico validation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227637.]

Mechanism behind sources and sinks of major anthropogenic greenhouse gases

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are major contributors to global warming and climate change. These gases modulate the atmospheric radiative forcing and play an important role in Earth's albedo. The emission level, global warming potential and the persistence of a GHG define its accumulation in the atmosphere and relative potential to change radiative forcing. The major anthropogenic GHGs include methane, nitric oxide, ozone, hydrochloroflourocarbons, chloroflourocarbons, sulfur hexaflouride and nitrogen triflouride Besides these, some gases indirectly act as GHGs like carbon monoxide, non-methane hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. Many scientists have already warned regarding elevated emission trends after the industrial revolution. From last decades the emission of GHGs has tremendously increased in the atmosphere and the natural sinks of GHGs have contracted over time. Generally, fossil fuel burning and change in land use are major sources of GHGs while major sinks include soil, ocean and atmosphere. Interestingly the emission trends of greenhouse gases from different sources as well as the contribution of various countries to global greenhouse gasses budget have changed. Thus previous footprints, trends and projections regarding GHGs are needed to be reevaluated. Specific precautions and strategies are compatible to reduce GHGs emissions while further may help to obtain global temperature to above pre-industrial ambient temperature level by reducing 2°C in current temperature

An update of pathogenic variants in ASPM, WDR62, CDK5RAP2, STIL, CENPJ, and CEP135 underlying autosomal recessive primary microcephaly in 32 consanguineous families from Pakistan

Background: Primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting as small brain and intellectual disability. It underlies isolated reduction of the cerebral cortex that is reminiscent of early hominids which makes it suitable model disease to study the hominin-specific volumetric expansion of brain. Mutations in 25 genes have been reported to cause this disorder. Although majority of these genes were discovered in the Pakistani population, still a significant proportion of these families remains uninvestigated. Methods: We studied a cohort of 32 MCPH families from different regions of Pakistan. For disease gene identification, genome-wide linkage analysis, Sanger sequencing, gene panel, and whole-exome sequencing were performed. Results: By employing these techniques individually or in combination, we were able to discern relevant disease-causing DNA variants. Collectively, 15 novel mutations were observed in five different MCPH genes; ASPM (10), WDR62 (1), CDK5RAP2 (1), STIL (2), and CEP135 (1). In addition, 16 known mutations were also verified. We reviewed the literature and documented the published mutations in six MCPH genes. Intriguingly, our cohort also revealed a recurrent mutation, c.7782_7783delGA;p.(Lys2595Serfs*6), of ASPM reported worldwide. Drawing from this collective data, we propose two founder mutations, ASPM:c.9557C>G;p. (Ser3186*) and CENPJ:c.18delC;p.(Ser7Profs*2), in the Pakistani population. Conclusions: We discovered novel DNA variants, impairing the function of genes indispensable to build a proper functioning brain. Our study expands the mutational spectra of known MCPH genes and also provides supporting evidence to the pathogenicity of previously reported mutations. These novel DNA variants will be helpful for the clinicians and geneticists for establishing reliable diagnostic strategies for MCPH families