Consumers Attitude towards the Use of Mobile Health Apps: An Empirical Review

This study aims to examine the consumers attitude towards new Mobile Health Application (MHA) for health care industry. This paper aims to improve understanding the reasons why patients and medical professionals would use mobile applications. A survey instrument was developed to gather data and an equal number of sample from groups were drawn who completed this study. The results indicate that there is favorable attitude towards new MHA and medical service locator, medical education, patient caring, personal care, imaging, patient monitoring were the significant features for new apps. The results suggest that new functions need to be incorporated into the development of MHA to satisfy the needs and wants of both groups. The paper concludes with a discussion of how to promote this apps with in patients and medical professionals

A Comparative Study of Routing Protocols Including RIP, OSPF and BGP

In network communication, routing is the process of transferring data across network between different end devices. Communication can be within a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). Despite of the network type, routing is considered as an important process in network communication. Router works with routing protocols. Routing protocol basically determines the way in which different routers communicate and transfer data. Different protocols have different attributes, algorithms and architecture that makes them capable to achieve reliable communication. So, we can say that the basics for transferring data across network is routing protocols. The data moves across different network topologies and different protocols working within and outside an autonomous system handles this data. Various protocols used in routing includes: Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and many more. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparison of different routing protocols. The main focus of this paper will be on OSPF, RIP, BGP and its types

Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients

Objective: Alleviation of cerebral oedema, not to correct sodium. Therefore, provision is only to severely symptomatic patients.Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out from Jan 2018 to March 2018 at Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.Materials and Methods: Out of 3000 patients, 100(3.3%) patients had hyponatremia defined as having level of serum sodium less than 135mmol/L. Among them male patients were 65(65%) and female patients were 35(35%) with average 55 years of age.Results: In 24(22.2%) patients severe hyponatremia (Na+ < 120 mmol/L) was detected. Euvolemic was the largest group of hyponatraemic patients with 42(42%), then hypervolemic patients with 33(33%) and thirdly hypovolemia patients with 25(25%). 4(4%) patients out of 100 patients qualify the criteria for Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH). During stay at hospital, 2(2%) out of 100 hyponatraemic patients died. No death was secondary to hyponatremia. No patient was Tolvaptan (a V2RA) and only 3(3%) patients out of 100 were given saline. At the time of discharge, 73(73%) patients out of 100 were having serum sodium level more than135 mmol/L.Conclusion:Among the hospitalised patients of Pakistan, hyponatremia is common. The most common type was euvolemic hyponatremia, a good amount of them was secondary to SIADH. It isa challenge to manage hyponatremia but mostly inpatients we managed hyponatremia in spite of unavailability of 3% saline or V2 receptor antagonist. Key Words: Hyponatremia,Euvolemic, Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone Secretio

Relationship between Narcissism and Selfie Posting Behavior; Mediating Role of Loneliness and Self-esteem among Adolescents

Narcissism is characterized by an abnormally high sense of self-importance that leads to different mental health issues. The current study was aimed at observing the mediating role of loneliness and self-esteem between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior among adolescents. To examine the psychometric properties of scales, a sample of 300 students was collected and further divided into two groups of male (n = 193) and female (n = 107) participants by using a convenient sampling strategy. The age range of participants was from 18 to 35 years old. Urdu-translated versions of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory by Raskin and Hall (1988), the Selfitis Scale by Amna Amjad (2017), the UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell, Peplau, and Cutrona (1980), and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale by Rosenberg (1965) were used to analyze the constructs of this study. The findings of the current study show a significant relationship between variables such as narcissism that is positively correlated with selfie-posting behavior, loneliness, and self-esteem. Regression analysis revealed that narcissism significantly predicts selfie-posting behavior. Mediation analysis shows the significant mediation of loneliness between narcissism and selfie-posting behavior. Mediation results are non-significant in the case of self-esteem. The implications of the current study suggest the need for interventions to deal with loneliness and alleviate the potentially detrimental effects of narcissism on the behaviors associated with selfie posting. These interventions may encourage healthy online behaviors among adolescents by encouraging social bonds and lowering loneliness. Further limitations of the study are discussed, and suggestions for future research are provided

Effects of Smartphone Usage on Social Wellbeing of School Going Children (5-16 years) in Lahore, Pakistan

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of smartphone usage on social wellbeing of school going children (5-16 years). Descriptive cross sectional household survey was carried out in all ten towns of Lahore, Pakistan in five months duration from January 2017 to May 2017. The sampling technique was multistage cluster sampling. The school going smartphone users included in the study were 2889. The study tool was structured questionnaire. The gathered data was analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21 in terms of Descriptive statistics and Bivariate logistic regression. Long term smartphone usage was found significantly associated with social networking among school going children. The p-value of hours spent by school going smartphone users with family per day was <0.01, smartphone use during breakfast, lunch & dinner was 0.011, smartphone use when family sitting closer to them was <0.001 and smartphone use to interact with friends and cousins was 0.0001. The study concluded that long term smartphone usage can result in decreased face-to-face communication and decreased interaction between family members living in one home and increased interaction with friends and people outside the home

A Novel Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Arnold’s Cat Map and 16-Byte S-box

The presented work sets out to subsidize to the general body of knowledge in the field of cryptography application by evolving color image encryption and decryption scheme based on the amalgamation of pixel shuffling and efficient substitution. Arnold’s cat map is applied to snap off the correlation in pixels of image and the shuffled image is encrypted by 16-byte S-box substitution. Computer simulations with a standard test image and the outcome is presented to scrutinize the competence of the projected system. Several image-quality measures and security analyses have been made out for the encrypted image to estimate the statistical and differential strength of the scheme. A comparison is presented by following out the scheme with 256-byte S-box and 16-nibble S-box to support for sturdiness of the idea. It is concluded from the results of analyses that the proposed scheme with 16-byte S-box can resist exhaustive attacks and is apt for practical applications

Rota Virus Gastroenteritis in Children Upto Five years of Age

Background: To estimate the proportion and peak age of rotavirus diarrhoea among children of age two months to five years Methods: In this descriptive study five hundred patients with acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) were screened for rotavirus. Stool sample of about 5 ml was taken & tested in the laboratory for group A rotavirus antigen by Enzyme immunoassays (EIA). Results: Mean age of patients with AWD was 12.5 months . Out of 500 patients 147 ( 29.4%) were positive for group A rotavirus. Majority of positive patients 116/147 (78.9%) were in the age group 2 months to 12 months. Conclusions: As there are many types of rotavirus i.e. A, B, C, D, and E so overall burden for all serotypes will be much higher. Rotavirus vaccine is an effective preventive measure available against rotavirus diarrhe

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF VISUAL INSPECTION WITH LUGOL’S IODINE S(VILI) IN CERVICAL CANCER.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide, accounting for 13% of all female cancer in developing countries. Cervical cancer is a disease that can be prevented through both primary prevention and early detection. Pap smear is a screening method which has been used for so long. Hence, one simple diagnostic test namely visual inspection with Lugol 's iodine (VILI) which is based on the ability of the trained healthcare personnel to detect yellow non iodine uptake areas in the cervical transformation zone are currently being evaluated in the experimental setting as potential alternative to cervical cytology. Objective: To determine diagnostic accuracy of visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) taking histopathology as gold standard among patients of cervical cancer. Subjects and methods: A total of 285 women with early marriage, history of post-coital bleeding, history of post- menopausal bleeding and history of per vaginal discharge were included in study. Women with obvious cervical growth and diagnosed cervical cancer were excluded. I put each patient in the  lithotomy  position and insert Cusco's speculum to visualize cervix. I cleaned the cervix with cotton soaked with normal saline. Now applied Jugol 's iodine, to the cervix normal squamous epithelium contain glycogen and stain.  Conversely premalignant and malignant squamous tissue contain no glycogen and does not stain with iodine. This was schillers test and non-staining areas were schiller positive. For further confirmation I took biopsy from schillers positive area and sent for histopathology. Results: Age range in this study was from 21 to 60 years with mean age of 39.393± 6.66 years and mean duration of disease was 6.031±2.09 months. 43.9% patients were belong to rural area and 56.1% belongs to urban area. 25.6% patients have Family History of cervical cancer. Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) diagnosed 43(15.1%) patients and Histopathology diagnosed 15.8% patients with Cervical cancer. Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI) has shown sensitivity of 86.6%, specificity 98.3%, diagnostic accuracy by 96%, PPV 90.6%, NPV 97.5%, (p=0.000) in diagnosis of Cervical cancer.  Conclusion: My study showed VILI good sensitivity and it can therefore be a suitable potential alternative/adjunctive screening test not only in resource-poor settings but also in well-equipped centers. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Visual inspection with Lugol's iodine, Diagnostic accuracy DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/52-0

Knowledge, attitude and practices towards eye care, among primary health care workers in District Ckakwal.

Introduction: Despite the fact, that an estimated 80% of worldwide blindness is preventable or treatable, the number of individuals living with blindness or impaired vision is on a rise. According to epidemiological data, worldwide over 2.2 billion people are blind or have impaired vision and 90% of them live in underdeveloped countries. A large number of people consult primary health care workers for their health issues, whether it is general illness or eye problems. Objectives: To assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Primary Health Care workers with regard to Primary Eye Care (PEC) in District Chakwal, Pakistan. Methodology: A Quantitative Cross-sectional study design, using a Random Sampling technique was employed. Participants in the study were given a standardized semi-structured questionnaire to fill out. The questionnaire included questions on primary health care providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about PEC. The data were analyzed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Among the total of 232 Primary Health Care workers 73.7% were below 40 years of age. The majority of primary health care workers were female (60.8%). About 40.9% were having diplomas. The majority of workers (58.6%) had less than 5 years of experience as a Primary Health Care worker. Most of them (60%) had sufficient knowledge about the causes of eye diseases or injuries and (40.8%) had knowledge about conditions that may result in eye illnesses or injuries. The attitude toward referral of patients to medical doctors was 51.2%. The practices regarding method and approach for the treatment of eye diseases, of the majority of workers (58.9%) were not satisfactory. Conclusion: Knowledge regarding causes of eye diseases, diagnosis, and methods of treatment were not satisfactory amongst the primary health care workers. A positive attitude was noted for the will to improve the knowledge of eye care. The research revealed, the requirement for a training program for primary health care workers regarding modern primary eye care