The courage to reflect is the bravery to create. The iconography of prof. Jerzy Nowosielski as an expression of religious consciousness

This paper synthesizes the content that accurately and clearly reveals the essence of the sacred image commonly known as an icon. Professor Nowosielski has translated this content - that stems directly from the Tradition of the Orthodox Church and vivid religious experience - into contemporary, comprehensible language. This text shows that the novelty in the iconographic art is not merely a result of contemplation and a creatively justified artistic vision, a matter of allegiance or craft, but it is solely a combination of religious enlightenment and artistic inspiration. It proves that the canon in the icon is not understood as an external framework but as the core through which the icon exists as a work of art - the text of the Church’s faith shown on the soil of personal mystical experience and iconographer talent.Praca ta, to synteza treści, które trafnie i prosto ujawnią nam zawartość obrazu sakralnego powszechnie nazywanego dziś ikoną. Treści te wypływają bezpośrednio z Tradycji Kościoła prawosławnego i żywego doświadczenia religijnego, a profesor tłumaczy je nam współczesnym, jakże zrozumiałym językiem. Tekst pokazuje, że nowość w sztuce ikonograficznej nie jest jedynie owocem kontemplacji oraz twórczo uzasadnionej wizji artystycznej, sprawą alegoryzmu lub rzemiosła, ale również połączeniem religijnego oświecenia oraz artystycznego natchnienia. Dowodzi, że kanon w ikonie nie jest rozumiany jako zewnętrzne ramy, ale jako rdzeń, dzięki któremu ikona istnieje jako dzieło sztuki – tekst wiary Kościoła ukazany na glebie osobistego doświadczenia mistycznego i talentu [email protected] Sztuki w Warszawie Polskiej Akademii Nauk, PolskaBułhakow S., Ikona i kult ikony, Bydgoszcz 2002.Dokumenty Soborów Powszechnych. Tekst grecki, łaciński i polski, opr. ks. A. Baron, ks. H. Pietras, Tom I, Kraków 2001.Evdokimov P., Sztuka ikony. Teologia piękna, przekł. M. Żurowska, Warszawa 1999.Jazykowa I., Świat ikony, przeł. ks. Henryk Paprocki, Warszawa 1998.Komarowski W., Pismo ob. Ikonopisi, [w:] Prawosławnaja ikona. Kanon i stil, Moskwa 1998.Nowosielski J., Zagubiona bazylika. Refleksje o sztuce i wierze, Kraków 2013.Quenot M., Ikona. Okno ku wieczności, przekł. H. Paprocki, Białystok 1997.Trubieckoj E., Kolorowa kontemplacja. Trzy szkice o ikonie ruskiej, przekł. H. Paprocki, Białystok 1998.Uspienski L., Bogosłowije ikony w prawosławnoj Cerkwi, Paris 1989.Znosko A., ks., Kanony Koscioła prawosławnego, Hajnówka 2000.1910711

MISJA ŚW. ŚW. CYRYLA I METODEGO I JEJ ODDZIAŁYWANIE NA WSPÓŁCZESNE TERENY POLSKI

The paper suggests a “spiritual map” of Poland in the context of civilizational influences in the age of Cyril and Methodius. The genesis of convertion and Christianisation in the Polish kingdom is a complex issue. The neighbouring lands of Poland, Bohemia and Rus had different impact on Central Europe’s denominational structure. This is why the origins of Christianity in Poland cannot be restricted exclusively to Latin rites. Expert opinions and archaeological research results suggest the existence of the Methodian rite in medieval Poland. The intention of this paper is to overview some rare information and academic sources. The awareness of religious history and traditions is of fundamental importance to the knowledge of Polish history.Artykuł nie zawiera abstraktu w języku polski

The improvement of compensating current generation algorithms in active power filtering

Peer Reviewe

Discrepancy between clinical and histological effects of DHA supplementation in a rat model of pouchitis

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) potentially modulates inflammatory processes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of DHA supplementation on the expression of intestinal inflammation and nutritional status in rats which have undergone restorative proctocolectomy. Twenty-four Wistar rats were operated. After the induction of pouchitis, animals were randomly divided into a control group (CG) and supplementation groups receiving respectively a semi-synthetic diet without or with DHA (in a lower or higher dose, respectively known as the lower dose, LD, and higher dose, HD, groups) for six weeks. Selected nutritional parameters were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of pouch mucosa specimens was also performed. The effectiveness of feeding and quality of stools were significantly better in the HD group than in the CG. The intensity of inflammation (Moskovitz scale) was higher in HD and LD than in CG (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0006, respectively). Nevertheless, pouch adaptation (Laumonier scale) was more significant in LD than in CG (p = 0.007). On the other hand, tissue expression of IL-1α and IL-10 was higher in HD and LD than in CG (IL-1α, p = 0.009 and p = 0.05, respectively; IL-10, p = 0.04 for both). DHA supplementation has no impact on body weight gain. Yet it seems that it may improve the effectiveness of nutrition and stool quality in rats which have undergone restorative proctocolectomy. Simultaneously, it increases the intensity of pouch adaptation and inflammation. The specificity of observed changes is not clear. However, it may imply potential modulation of inflammatory processes of pouch mucosa

ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE OF FE3AL AND STELLITE 6 COATINGS FOR THE PROTECTION OF VALVE SEATS SURFACES

The development of a technology that increases the service life of valve seats in CNG/LNG-powered vehicles requires the appropriate selection of material and the technology of its application. Commercially used valve seat materials show accelerated wear under operating conditions, especially in natural gas vehicle engines. The authors developed a new material concept and a new technological concept for the protection of the valve seat in CNG/LNG-powered vehicles. This article aims to present the first stage of tribological research. Two materials were used in the research: Stellite 6 alloy and Fe3Al intermetal. A commonly used material for valve seats of combustion engines is Stellite 6. The Fe3Al is the new proposed material coating for the protection of the valve seats of internal combustion engines. This article compares the abrasive wear resistance of these materials. The abrasion tests were performed on a T-11 pin-on-disc tester, and the counter-sample was steel S235JR. The test conditions were similar to those prevailing during the operation of the valves in the head of the internal combustion engine, without the influence of temperature. The obtained results indicate that the Fe3Al intermetal is characterized by a lower coefficient of friction and lower wear intensity than Stellite 6. The results confirm that the Fe3Al phase is a prospective material to be used as a protective material on the valve seat of vehicles