Civil engineering students’ English language lexico-grammatical competence formation in reading

The current study compared two instructional approaches to supporting reading comprehension and lexico-grammatical competence in instruction of English for Specific Purposes for Civil Engineering students. The first instructional approach was structured according to students’ content domain knowledge, using sketch construction technical drawings and information, and included simultaneous learning of different language structures in each content topic. The second instructional approach was systematically structured according to language domains and included step by step mastering of various language topics. Both instructional approaches incorporated principles of a communicative-cognitive approach, such as informational transfer and reflection as a metacognitive strategy. The samples of reflection tasks exemplify the reflection principle to showcase students’ robust metacognitive awareness. Over 6 months, students completed assignments which embedded the use of one of the instructional approaches in the spotlight of above mentioned principles. Results demonstrated the efficiency of the content domain approach over that of the language domain approach. Thus, the content domain approach, which is conceptually similar to interleaved practice, fosters lexico-grammatical competence acquisition in reading on the basis of the sketch construction project

The English Language Lexico-Grammatical Competence Formation of Civil Engineering Students in the Framework of Communicative-Cognitive Approach

This work presents the realisation of such principles of communicative-cognitive approach as the principle of integrated kinds of speech activity, the principle of systematicity, the principle of functionality in correlation with the principle of information transfer, the principle of unity of training, education and development, the principle of the cognitive gap, the principle of authenticity based on the samples of exercises of lexico-grammatical competence and authentic construction projects for future civil engineers. The English language lexico-grammatical competence model demonstrates the structure of its content on the level of knowledge and skills; preparatory, main, and advanced stages of linguistic competence formation in correlation with such levels of understanding of professionally-oriented texts as verbally-visual complex has been presented. The main peculiarities of the model’s content have been highlighted. The system of lexico-grammatical competence formation includes three complexes of exercises: actualisation of lexico-grammatical knowledge on the level of the lexical unit and sentence (reading, speaking); on the formation and improvement of lexico-grammatical skills on the level of the lexical unit, sentence (reading, speaking); the formation and improvement of lexico-grammatical skills on the level of minitexts in speaking and components of the verbal-visual complex (statistical tables, notes) in reading, on the formation and improvement of lexico-grammatical skills on the level of the sketch construction project as verbal-visual complex has been explained and demonstrated. The samples of exercises in lexico-grammatical competence formation within the communicative-cognitive approach have been presented. The explanation of the communicative- cognitive approach’s principles with the help of the system of exercises has been introduced. The pedagogical experiment verifies the effectiveness of lexico-grammatical competence formation in the framework of the communicative-cognitive approach for civil engineering students with the help of one factor disperse analysis. Twelve students from each group (CE21, TPD22, TBC23) have been chosen to compare their results before the experimental test, control test, and after the experimental test within this approach

Fluorinated Aliphatic Diazirines: Preparation, Characterization, and Photolabeling Studies

The previously unknown difluoromethyl- and the previously neglected trifluoromethyl-aliphatic diazirines were synthesized and characterized. Model photolabeling experiments and biological studies revealed that the stable trifluoromethyl-aliphatic diazirines could indeed be safely used as photoaffinity labels, while the labile difluoromethylated analogues - could not

Fluorinated Aliphatic Diazirines: Preparation, Characterization, and Model Photolabeling Studies

The previously unknown difluoromethyl diazirines and the previously neglected trifluoromethyl-aliphatic diazirines were synthesized and characterized. Model photolabeling experiments and biological studies showed that these compounds could indeed be used as photoaffinity labels

Fluorinated Aliphatic Diazirines: Preparation, Characterization, and Model Photolabeling Studies

The previously unknown difluoromethyl diazirines and the previously neglected trifluoromethyl-aliphatic diazirines were synthesized and characterized. Model photolabeling experiments and biological studies showed that these compounds could indeed be used as photoaffinity labels