1,875 research outputs found
Catalytic formation of C(sp(3))-F bonds via heterogeneous photocatalysis
Due to their chemical, physical, and biological properties, fluorinated compounds are widely employed throughout society. Yet, despite their critical importance, current methods of introducing fluorine into compounds suffer from severe drawbacks. For example, several methods are noncatalytic and employ stoichiometric equivalents of heavy metals. Existing catalytic methods, on the other hand, exhibit poor activity, generality, selectivity and/or have not been achieved by heterogeneous catalysis, despite the many advantages such an approach would provide. Here, we demonstrate how selective C(sp3)–F bond synthesis can be achieved via heterogeneous photocatalysis. Employing TiO2 as photocatalyst and Selectfluor as mild fluorine donor, effective decarboxylative fluorination of a variety of carboxylic acids can be achieved in very short reaction times. In addition to displaying the highest turnover frequencies of any reported fluorination catalyst to date (up to 1050 h–1), TiO2 also demonstrates excellent levels of durability, and the system is catalytic in the number of photons required; i.e., a photon efficiency greater than 1 is observed. These factors, coupled with the generality and mild nature of the reaction system, represent a breakthrough toward the sustainable synthesis of fluorinated compounds
Morrey type spaces and multiplication operator in Sobolev spaces
The paper deals with the operator defined in the Sobolev
space and which takes values in when
is an unbounded open subset in . The functions belong to wider spaces
of connected with the Morrey type spaces. estimates and compactness
results are stated
semileptonic form factors with Twisted Mass fermions
We present a lattice QCD determination of the vector and scalar form factors
of the semileptonic decay which are relevant for the
extraction of the CKM matrix element from experimental data. Our
results are based on the gauge configurations produced by the European Twisted
Mass Collaboration with dynamical fermions, which include in the
sea, besides two light mass degenerate quarks, also the strange and the charm
quarks. We use data simulated at three different values of the lattice spacing
and with pion masses as small as MeV. Our final result for the vector
form factor at zero momentum transfer is , where the
uncertainty is both statistical and systematic combined in quadrature. Using
the latest experimental value of from decays, we
obtain , which allows to test the unitarity constraint
of the Standard Model below the permille level once the determination of
from superallowed nuclear decays is adopted. A slight
tension with unitarity at the level of standard deviations is
observed. Moreover we present our results for the semileptonic scalar
and vector form factors in the whole range of values of
the squared four-momentum transfer measured in decays,
obtaining a very good agreement with the momentum dependence of the
experimental data. We provide a set of synthetic data points representing our
results for the vector and scalar form factors at the physical point for
several selected values of .Comment: 37 pages, 5 tables, 9 figures; version to appear in PR
\Delta S=2 and \Delta C=2 bag parameters in the SM and beyond from Nf=2+1+1 twisted-mass LQCD
We present unquenched lattice QCD results for the matrix elements of
four-fermion operators relevant to the description of the neutral K and D
mixing in the Standard Model and its extensions. We have employed simulations
with Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 dynamical sea quarks at three values of the lattice
spacings in the interval 0.06 - 0.09 fm and pseudoscalar meson masses in the
range 210 - 450 MeV. Our results are extrapolated to the continuum limit and to
the physical pion mass. Renormalization constants have been determined
non-perturbatively in the RI-MOM scheme. In particular, for the Kaon
bag-parameter, which is relevant for the \overline{K}^0-K^0 mixing in the
Standard Model, we obtain B_K^{RGI} = 0.717(24).Comment: Added comments to error budget discussion; fig.19 corrected. Version
to appear in PR
Phenomenological Implications of Supersymmetric Family Non-universal U(1)-prime Models
We construct a class of anomaly-free supersymmetric U(1)' models that are
characterized by family non-universal U(1)' charges motivated from E_6
embeddings. The family non-universality arises from an interchange of the
standard roles of the two SU(5) 5* representations within the 27 of E_6 for the
third generation. We analyze U(1)' and electroweak symmetry breaking and
present the particle mass spectrum. The models, which include additional Higgs
multiplets and exotic quarks at the TeV scale, result in specific patterns of
flavor-changing neutral currents in the b to s transitions that can accommodate
the presently observed deviations inthis sector from the SM predictions.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figure
Vector and scalar form factors for K- and D-meson semileptonic decays from twisted mass fermions with Nf = 2
We present lattice results for the form factors relevant in the K -> pion and
D -> pion semileptonic decays, obtained from simulations with two flavors of
dynamical twisted-mass fermions and pion masses as light as 260 MeV. For K ->
pion decays we discuss the estimates of the main sources of systematic
uncertainties, including the quenching of the strange quark, leading to our
final result f+(0) = 0.9560 (57) (62). Combined with the latest experimental
data, our value of f+(0) implies for the CKM matrix element |Vus| the value
0.2267 (5) (20) consistent with the first-row CKM unitarity. For D -> pion
decays the application of Heavy Meson Chiral Perturbation Theory allows to
extrapolate our results for both the scalar and the vector form factors at the
physical point with quite good accuracy, obtaining a nice agreement with the
experimental data. In particular at zero-momentum transfer we obtain f+(0) =
0.64 (5).Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, proceedings of the XXVII Int'l Symposium
on Lattice Field Theory (LAT2009), July 26-31 2009, Peking University,
Beijing (China
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