L'Abendberg, lieu d'une controverse

À une époque où le crétinisme était un mal endémique en Suisse, mais aussi dans nombre de pays européens, l'Abendberg, dans le canton de Berne, fut le premier établissement destiné à accueillir et soigner des crétins. Indissociable de la personnalité de son fondateur, le médecin Johann Jakob Guggenbühl, l'institut connut un destin tragique et une fermeture précoce à la mort de ce dernier. Ce travail tentera de relater et d'analyser les éléments de la controverse qui a agité la vie de l'Abendberg et de son fondateur-directeur, en s'appuyant sur des documents d'archives non édités, des sources d'époque publiées, et naturellement sur la littérature secondaire, somme toute relativement peu abondante pour l'importance du sujet. La littérature a été collectée par recherche des mots-clefs " Guggenbühl " et " Abendberg " dans les bases de données des bibliothèques suisses, en particulier rero, swissbib, ids basel-bern, helveticat. Une première lecture a permis d'affiner la recherche en ciblant les références manquantes. Une visite aux archives cantonales bernoises et aux archives fédérales suisses a fourni la matière principale du travail, complétée par une recherche systématique dans les actes de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles (SHSN) et de la Société Suisse d'Utilité Publique (SSUP) pour les années d'existence de l'Abendberg, soit 1840-1863. Ces actes sont digitalisés et libres d'accès sur internet, et pour quelques documents de la SHSN, conservés en format papier uniquement à la Burgerbibliothek de Berne. Tous ces documents d'archives ont été photographiés, permettant de travailler à distance

Metabolism of sugars: A window to the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis by splanchnic organs.

Dietary sugars are absorbed in the hepatic portal circulation as glucose, fructose, or galactose. The gut and liver are required to process fructose and galactose into glucose, lactate, and fatty acids. A high sugar intake may favor the development of cardio-metabolic diseases by inducing Insulin resistance and increased concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. A narrative review of the literature regarding the metabolic effects of fructose-containing sugars. Sugars' metabolic effects differ from those of starch mainly due to the fructose component of sucrose. Fructose is metabolized in a set of fructolytic cells, which comprise small bowel enterocytes, hepatocytes, and kidney proximal tubule cells. Compared to glucose, fructose is readily metabolized in an insulin-independent way, even in subjects with diabetes mellitus, and produces minor increases in glycemia. It can be efficiently used for energy production, including during exercise. Unlike commonly thought, fructose when ingested in small amounts is mainly metabolized to glucose and organic acids in the gut, and this organ may thus shield the liver from potentially deleterious effects. The metabolic functions of splanchnic organs must be performed with homeostatic constraints to avoid exaggerated blood glucose and lipid concentrations, and thus to prevent cellular damages leading to non-communicable diseases. Excess fructose intake can impair insulin-induced suppression of glucose production, stimulate de novo lipogenesis, and increase intrahepatic and blood triglyceride concentrations. With chronically high fructose intake, enterocyte can switch to lipid synthesis and accumulation of triglyceride, possibly causing an enterocyte dysfunction

Experience on Nurse-Patient Interaction with Filipino Clients among Non-Tagalog Speaking BSN Students

The Philippines have experienced an increase in international students in various programsespecially in the nursing program and medical program. This programs required students tohave clinical exposure where the students are expected to have good interaction with thepatient. This study aims to explore the experience of non-Tagalog speaking nursing studentson nurse-patient interaction with Filipino clients. A qualitative design was used in this study.A Semi-structured interview with three questions was conducted to 13 respondents selectedwith purposive sampling technique. This study included seven main informants or non-Tagalogspeaking nursing students and six general informants or Filipino nursing students’ perceptions.The respondents were recruited from one university in the Philippines. Qualitative data analysiswas done following Giorgi’s phenomenologist method. Several themes were established in thisstudy: (i) translation of words which is a mean for patients and nurses to communicate theirthoughts; (ii) the use of nonverbal (gestures, technology) to facilitate nurse-patient interaction;(iii) Importance of trust to confidence in giving care to patients; (iv) preference in giving careto English speaking patient, unsatisfied feeling when communicating with patient; (v)individual initiative in learning Tagalog which is mean to help in communication preparationto Tagalog speaking patient; (vi) support from clinical instructor and Filipino friends aremethods being used to help in communication; (vii) institutional support is one way to help thestudents in the preparation before clinical exposure. This study suggests that the support fromseveral instances such as fellow local nursing students, clinical instructors, staff nurses, and theuniversity are critical in helping the students dealing with communication problem to help theirstudents increase their self-confidence. Furthermore, willingness to learn and practice newlanguage plays an important role in effective communication and interaction with localpatients

Health effects of fructose and fructose-containing caloric sweeteners: where do we stand 10 years after the initial whistle blowings?

Suspicion that fructose-containing caloric sweeteners (FCCS) may play a causal role in the development of metabolic diseases has elicited intense basic and clinical research over the past 10 years. Prospective cohort studies converge to indicate that FCCS, and more specifically sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), consumption is associated with weight gain over time. Intervention studies in which FCCS or SSB consumption is altered while food intake is otherwise left ad libitum indicate that increased FCCS generally increases total energy intake and body weight, while FCCS reduction decreases body weight gain. Clinical trials assessing the effects of SSB reduction as a sole intervention however fail to observe clinically significant weight loss. Many mechanistic studies indicate that excess FCCS can cause potential adverse metabolic effects. Whether this is associated with a long-term risk remains unknown. Scientific evidence that excess FCCS intake causes more deleterious effects to health than excess of other macronutrients is presently lacking. However, the large consumption of FCCS in the population makes it one out of several targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases

Fructose toxicity: is the science ready for public health actions?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The assumption that fructose may be toxic and involved in the pathogenesis of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and even cancer has resulted in the call for public health action, such as introducing taxes on sweetened beverages. This review evaluates the scientific basis for such action. RECENT FINDINGS: Although some studies hint towards some potential adverse effects of excessive fructose consumption especially when combined with excess energy intake, the results from clinical trials do not support a significant detrimental effect of fructose on metabolic health when consumed as part of a weight-maintaining diet in amounts consistent with the average-estimated fructose consumption in Western countries. However, definitive studies are missing. SUMMARY: Public health policies to eliminate or limit fructose in the diet should be considered premature. Instead, efforts should be made to promote a healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity and nutritious foods while avoiding intake of excess calories until solid evidence to support action against fructose is available. Public health is almost certainly to benefit more from policies that are aimed at promoting what is known to be good than from policies that are prohibiting what is not (yet) known to be bad

Energy expenditure, physical activity and body-weight control

Regular physical exercise and endurance training are associated with low body weight and low body fat mass. The relationship between exercise and body-weight control is complex and incompletely understood. Regular exercise may decrease energy balance through an increase in energy expenditure or an increase in fat oxidation. It may also contribute to weight loss by modulating nutrient intake. An intriguing question that remains unresolved is whether changes in nutrient intake or body composition secondarily affect spontaneous physical activity. If this were the case, physical activity would represent a major adaptative mechanism for body-weight contro

PELATIHAN OPTIMALISASI KEBERSIHAN DIRI SENDIRI DAN LINGKUNGAN BAGI ANGGOTA PERSEKUTUAN WANITA (PW) KRISTEN WYK 4 GKI GETSEMANI KOTARAJA JAYAPURA

Physical health condition can be achieved in many ways, including the prevention and treatment of diseases, and the maintenance of personal health and the environment around the place of residence. These steps are basic things that can be started from the dissemination of information and knowledge as well as simple practices in the family sphere. This socialization activity featured three matters, namely 1) Socialization about infectious diseases in Papua, 2) Socialization about HIV and AIDS, and 3) Socialization about the use of plants as ingredients for herbal medicines. These three materials are related to personal health and how to get used to living using health protocols, considering that this activity was carried out during the COVID 19 pandemic. The target of the socialization activity was the women members of Wyk 4 GKI Getsemani Kotaraja. These activities were carried out with the socialization method in the form of lectures and discussions as well as practicum. Subsequent practical activities include planting medicinal plants with prepared seeds, followed by visits to the participants to determine the growth of the plants planted during the socialization. The activity took place from 12 August to 2 September 2020. Face-to-face and practical activities could take place well and were successfully attended by 16 participants. The implementation of this activity is expected to encourage and build awareness and concern for improving lifestyles and maintaining body health by regulating a lifestyle according to health rules, proper knowledge of infectious disease materials provided, as well as practicing personal hygiene, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Misconceptions about fructose-containing sugars and their role in the obesity epidemic.

A causal role of fructose intake in the aetiology of the global obesity epidemic has been proposed in recent years. This proposition, however, rests on controversial interpretations of two distinct lines of research. On one hand, in mechanistic intervention studies, detrimental metabolic effects have been observed after excessive isolated fructose intakes in animals and human subjects. On the other hand, food disappearance data indicate that fructose consumption from added sugars has increased over the past decades and paralleled the increase in obesity. Both lines of research are presently insufficient to demonstrate a causal role of fructose in metabolic diseases, however. Most mechanistic intervention studies were performed on subjects fed large amounts of pure fructose, while fructose is ordinarily ingested together with glucose. The use of food disappearance data does not accurately reflect food consumption, and hence cannot be used as evidence of a causal link between fructose intake and obesity. Based on a thorough review of the literature, we demonstrate that fructose, as commonly consumed in mixed carbohydrate sources, does not exert specific metabolic effects that can account for an increase in body weight. Consequently, public health recommendations and policies aiming at reducing fructose consumption only, without additional diet and lifestyle targets, would be disputable and impractical. Although the available evidence indicates that the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with body-weight gain, and it may be that fructose is among the main constituents of these beverages, energy overconsumption is much more important to consider in terms of the obesity epidemic

Development of Instant Sinigang Powder from Katmon Fruit (Dellenia Philippinensis)

Katmon Fruit (Dillenia Philippinensis) is a fruit tree commonly use in the rural area in thePhilippines. Katmon is eaten as fruit but is not very popular because of the unacceptable tastethat resembles a green sour apple. The purpose of this study is to develop an instant sinigangpowder as a base ingredient of sinigang and using the natural sour taste for sinigang dish. Thisstudy use katmon fruit, shiitake mushroom, garlic, iodized salt, and sugar to develop an instantsinigang mix powder. It were dehydrated using the Multi-Commodity Heat Pump Dryer for 13hours. These were powdered using a grinder mixed with iodized salt and sugar. The nutrientcontent was computed using iFNRI online software. Thirty participants comprising: 10 faculty,10 dormitory students,10 senior high school students did the taste test. The results revealed thatthe product was liked very much in terms of color, texture, taste, aroma, and appearance. Theinstant sinigang powder is stored in a polyethylene metalized zip lock packaging 8.5 x 14cm.The cost per serving is PhP 37.5 It is cheaper and has more nutritional value compared to otherproducts. The study recommending for more enhancement in terms of flavour of instantsinigang powder from katmon additional ingredient from natural sources to have more tastyand more nutritional content. This study also can help future researchers to have additionalinformation about the katmon fruit