8 research outputs found

    EmoMadrid: An emotional pictures database for affect research

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    Emotional scenes are, along with facial expressions, the most employed stimuli in Affective Sciences. However, as compared to facial expressions, available emotional scene databases are scarce and, in some cases, obsolete and overused. This paper describes EmoMadrid, an open access database currently consisting of 817 emotional pictures. Valence and Arousal of each of these pictures were assessed by an average sample of 146 volunteers, who evaluated an average of 155 pictures. The total sample participating in EmoMadrid evaluation up to the present is 768 volunteers. EmoMadrid provides information not provided in other databases, on low order visual parameters such as spatial frequency, luminosity, and chromatic complexity; these parameters are of crucial interest, since they have been revealed to interact with the affective content of pictures. EmoMadrid has already been employed in 14 Human Neuroscience and Behavior studies, despite it has only been described in its web pageThis work was supported by the FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PGC2018-093570-B-I00) and by the Comunidad de Madrid (S2015/HUM-3327

    Fast unconscious processing of emotional stimuli in early stages of the visual cortex

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    Several cortical and subcortical brain areas have been reported to be sensitive to the emotional content of subliminal stimuli. However, the timing of these activations remains unclear. Our scope was to detect the earliest cortical traces of emotional unconscious processing of visual stimuli by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) from 43 participants. Subliminal spiders (emotional) and wheels (neutral), sharing similar low-level visual parameters, were presented at two different locations (fixation and periphery). The differential (peak-to-peak) amplitude from CP1 (77 ms from stimulus onset) to C2 (100 ms), two early visual ERP components originated in V1/V2 according to source localization analyses, was analyzed via Bayesian and traditional frequentist analyses. Spiders elicited greater CP1–C2 amplitudes than wheels when presented at fixation. This fast effect of subliminal stimulation—not reported previously to the best of our knowledge—has implications in several debates: 1) The amygdala cannot be mediating these effects, 2) latency of other evaluative structures recently proposed, such as the visual thalamus, is compatible with these results, 3) the absence of peripheral stimuli effects points to a relevant role of the parvocellular visual system in unconscious processingMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) (grant PGC2018-093570-B-I00) and the Comunidad de Madrid (grants HUM19-HUM5705 and, in collaboration with the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, SI1-PJI-2019-00011 and 2017-T2/SOC-5569

    Working memory of emotional stimuli: electrophysiological characterization

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    Memorizing emotional stimuli in a preferential way seems to be one of the adaptive strategies brought on by evolution for supporting survival. However, there is a lack of electrophysiological evidence on this bias in working memory. The present study analyzed the influence of emotion on the updating component of working memory. Behavioral and electrophysiological indices were measured from a 3-back task using negative, neutral, and positive faces. Electrophysiological data evidenced an emotional influence on the working memory sensitive P3 component, which presented larger amplitudes for negative matching faces compared to neutral ones. This effect originated in the superior parietal cortex, previously reported to be involved in N-back tasks. Additionally, P3 results showed a correlation with reaction times, where higher amplitudes were associated with faster responses for negative matching faces. These findings indicate that electrophysiological measures seem to be very suitable indices of the emotional influence on working memory

    Estudio de la interacción entre emoción y memoria implícita mediante potenciales relacionados con acontecimientos discretos

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    Estudio de la interacción entre los procesos cognitivos y los afectivos a partir de datos conductuales, y fundamentalmente, datos electrofisiológicos. 29 estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (14 hombre y 15 mujeres) de edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 30 años. Se realizaron 2 experimentos en los que se llevaron a cabo registros de potenciales relacionados con acontecimientos discretos (PRAD). En los primeros apartados se revisan los aspectos más relevantes de la emoción, la memoria y la interacción entre estos dos procesos básicos, prestando especial atención al efecto de la carga emocional del estímulo y al efecto de la carga emocional del contexto de codificación sobre la memoria. Asimismo se presenta una breve revisión del estudio de la memoria implícita y la emoción mediante PRAD. Los dos trabajos que componen la parte experimental que estudian, en primer lugar, el efecto que la carga emocional de distintos estímulos visuales tiene sobre su posterior recuerdo implícito (experimento 1), y en segundo lugar, el efecto que tiene la carga emocional del contexto de codificación nemónica sobre el recuerdo implícito de estímulos visuales emocionalmente neutros (experimento 2). Fotografías. Presentación de seis bloques de estímulos que el sujeto tenía que evaluar en una fase de estudia y en una fase de prueba, y finalmente se llevo a cabo un registro electrofisiológico en el que se utilizó un gorro de registro Electro-Cap internacional de 24 canales, con electrodos de estaño. Los resultados obtenidos en el primer experimento muestran un efecto de repetición o de memorización implícita para todos los estímulos vistos más de una vez, siendo este más intenso para los estímulos emocionales, y de forma aún más significativa, para los estímulos con carga emocional negativa. Este efecto se refleja en el componente identificado como P275, en localizaciones frontocentrales del cuero cabelludo. Los datos parecen confirmar la existencia de un sesgo afectivo en la memoria implícita (sesgo de negatividad) que probablemente posea una facilitación evolutiva. En el segundo experimento los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que los contextos emocionalmente activantes (fundamentalmente los positivos) resultan facilitadores del recuerdo implícito de los estímulos a los que acompañan. Este efecto se observa en un componente negativo tardío (OLN), con una distribución prefrontal izquierda. Las diferencias encontradas entre el efecto de la carga emocional de los estímulos y la de los contextos de codificación sobre el recuerdo implícito, se atribuyen, por una parte, al distinto tipo de procesamiento que se lleva a cabo en un caso y en otro (procesamiento más elaborado para la carga emocional del contexto), así como a la relevancia biológica del tipo de estímulos empleados en los experimentos (mayor relevancia de la carga emocional de los estímulos visuales que de la de los contextos de codificación. Como conclusión final, lo que se ha pretendido por un lado es observar el efecto que producen la activación emocional de los estímulos visuales codificados de manera implícita sobre su posterior recuerdo indirecto y por otro lado analizar en qué medida la activación del contexto emocional en el que se codifican de forma implícita los estímulos visuales afecta a su posterior recuerdo indirecto. En el primero de los casos la carga emocional es intrínseca al estímulo y en el segundo de los casos la carga emocional del estímulo es investida por el contexto.MadridUniversidad de León. Biblioteca General San Isidoro; Campus de Vegazana, s. n.; 24071 León; +34987291133;ES

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    Recognition of emotional pictures: Behavioral and electrophysiological measures

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    The effects of emotional content of images on recognition memory were studied, bringing togetherelectrophysiological (Event-Related brain Potentials, ERPs) and behavioural (accuracy and speed ofrecognition, and remember/know judgements) indices. In the study phase, participants assessed 120images on the scales of valence and arousal. In the test phase, ERPs were recorded while participantsviewed again the images, put together with 120 new, and were asked to make old/new decisions andremember/know judgements on them. A clear arousal bias was obtained for remember/knowjudgements, which revealed that correctly recognised arousing images (negative and positive) receivedmore remember judgements than nonarousing images (neutral and relaxing). Moreover, a Late PositiveComponent (LPC) activation revealed an old/new effect enhanced by arousing images. The LPCactivation was located in parietal areas (precuneus), which appears to be mostly related to successfulretrieval based on recollection. The results obtained through different indices supported the emotionalbias found in previous studies for arousing material, but do not clarify the effect of the emotional valenceon recognitionThis work was supported by the grant for the Research Project CCG08-UAM/SAL-4463 from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and the Research Project PSI2008-03688 from the Spanish Ministry of Science andInnovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación), which also supports Jacobo Albert through a Juan de la Cierva contract (JCI-2010-07766). We also appreciate the comments from the Editor and the two anonymous reviewers, which have contributed toimprove this manuscrip
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