2,666 research outputs found
Dark matter coupling to electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons: an effective field theory approach
If dark matter is a new species of particle produced in the early universe as
a cold thermal relic (a weakly-interacting massive particle-WIMP), its present
abundance, its scattering with matter in direct-detection experiments, its
present-day annihilation signature in indirect-detection experiments, and its
production and detection at colliders, depend crucially on the WIMP coupling to
standard-model (SM) particles. It is usually assumed that the WIMP couples to
the SM sector through its interactions with quarks and leptons. In this paper
we explore the possibility that the WIMP coupling to the SM sector is via
electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons. In the absence of an ultraviolet-complete
particle-physics model, we employ effective field theory to describe the
WIMP--SM coupling. We consider both scalars and Dirac fermions as possible
dark-matter candidates. Starting with an exhaustive list of operators up to
dimension 8, we present detailed calculation of dark-matter annihilations to
all possible final states, including gamma gamma, gamma Z, gamma h, ZZ, Zh, W+
W-, hh, and f fbar, and demonstrate the correlations among them. We compute the
mass scale of the effective field theory necessary to obtain the correct
dark-matter mass density, and well as the resulting photon line signals
Photofluid Instabilities of Hot Stellar Envelopes
Beginning from a relatively simple set of dynamical equations for a fluid
permeated by a radiative field strong enough to produce significant forces, we
find the structure of plane-parallel equilibria and study their stability to
small acoustic disturbances. In doing this, we neglect viscous effects and
complications of nongreyness. We find that acoutic instabilities occur over a
wide range of conditions below the Eddington limit. This result is in line with
findings reported twenty years ago but it contradicts some more recent reports
of the absence of instabilities. We briefly attempt to identify the causes of
the discrepancies and then close with a discussion of the possible
astrophysical interest of such instabilities.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, 5 postscript figures, to be published in Physics
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In-situ Lock-in Thermographic Measurement Of Powder Layer Thermal Diffusivity And Thickness In Laser Powder Bed Fusion
The thermal transport properties of the powder layer play a crucial role in the process of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This paper introduces an in-situ measurement method utilizing active lock-in infrared thermography (LIT) to determine the thermal diffusivity and thickness of the powder layer. The proposed method exhibits great potential for accurate powder property and thickness measurements and real-time process monitoring. In this lock-in thermographic technique, the LPBF laser beam is directed through an optical diffuser and modulated into a square thermal wave. This thermal wave serves as an active heat source to heat the surface of the powder bed. The surface temperature response is captured using a long-wave infrared (LWIR) camera. A one-dimensional thermal model is employed to provide insights into heat transfer in the frequency domain. The frequency-dependent phase response of temperature is influenced by the effective thermal diffusivity and thickness of the powder layer. This model is validated experimentally first and then utilized to measure the thermal diffusivity of different powder layers created using various particle sizes and wiper spreading speeds. Larger particle size and slower wiper spreading speed are shown to produce higher thermal diffusivity. Finally, the paper shows how this technique can be used to measure the powder layer thickness over printed geometries. This capability enables the detection of deviations in the fused part surface or errors in the wiper through analysis of resulting variations in the powder. These findings highlight the potential of the lock-in thermographic technique for rapid in-situ inspection of the new powder layer in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processes
The State and ‘Religious Diversity’ in Chinese Dissertations
Religious diversity in China has attracted considerable scholarly attention in both Anglophone and Sino-phone academia. Based on the quantitative and qualitative evidence in a representative sample of doctoral and master’s dissertations successfully defended in reputable Chinese academic institutions, this article identifies two characteristics associated with the usage of ‘religious diversity’ in contemporary Chinese scholarship. Firstly, ‘religious diversity’ is prominently applied to depict inter-religious rather than intra-religious relations. Secondly, ‘religious diversity’ is often discussed along with ethnic diversity. These patterns confirm, and further illustrate, a notable theme in the China-focused English scholarly works on religious diversity, namely, that the Chinese state plays a predominant role in the making and shaping of the country’s religious diversity. Moreover, the meaning, implication, and usage of the very concept of ‘religious diversity’ in contemporary Chinese scholarly discourse are also likely to have been directly influenced by the policies and rhetoric of the Chinese state
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