The Effect of Grafic Organizers and Text Types on the Students\u27 Reading Competency at Sman 8 Denpasar

This study attempted to find out the effect of graphic organizers and text types upon the students\u27 reading competency. The subject of this study was the first grade students of SMAN 8 Denpasar. The independent variable was graphic organizers and conventional reading strategy (placebo), and the dependent variable wasreading competency. Text types was the moderator variable. The study was an experiment with posttest only control group design. The total number of population was 13 classes, which consisted of 586 students. From the population, two classes consisting of 92 students were used as samples. They were divided into two groups; experimental group and control group by multistage random sampling technique. Post-test was administered at the end of treatments and then analyzed by using two way ANOVA. The result of the analysis showed that: (1) There is an effect of graphic organizers upon the students\u27 reading competency. (2) There is an interaction between graphic organizers and text types upon students reading competenc

The Effect of Process and Product Approaches on the Students' Competency in Writing Different Types of Texts

This study aims at finding the effect of process and product approaches to the eighth grade students of SMP Harapan 1 Denpasar on their competency in writing different types of texts. This is an experimental study with post-test only comparison group design using 2 x 3 factorial design. The results of the study are: 1) there is a significant difference of process and product approach on the students' writing competency, 2) there is a significant difference on the students' competency in writing narrative paragraph between process and product approach group, 3) there is a significant difference on the students' competency in writing recount paragraph between process and product approach group, 4) there is a significant difference on the students' competency in writing descriptive paragraph between process and product approach group,5) there is an interaction between the writing approaches and types of texts

A Comparative Study of Pqrst and Sq3r Strategies Based on the Text Types Upon the Eighth Grade Students\u27 Reading Competency at SMPN 4 Singaraja

This research aimed at investigating whether or not there is a different effect between PQRST and SQ3R strategies based on the text types upon the eighth grade students\u27 reading competency. This research was an experimental research with 2 X 2 factorial designs. The population was 6 classes (179 students) of grade VIII in SMPN 4 Singaraja in the academic year 2012/2013, in which 4 classes were sample of this research which was assigned into two groups, two classes with 60 students were PQRST strategy group, and two classes with 60 students were SQ3R strategy group determined by using a Multistage Random Sampling. The data were collected through reading comprehension test that were analyzed by using Statistical Two-Way ANOVA. The result shows that, first, FA = 31.533 with the significant value was 0.000 which was less than 0.5, therefore, there is a significance difference between the students who were taught by PQRST strategy than those who were taught by SQ3R strategy. Second, FAB = 2.624 with the significant value was 0.107 which was higher than 0.5, therefore, there is no interactional effect of teaching reading strategies (PQRST and SQ3R) and text types (narrative and recount) on students\u27 reading competency

Microbial Production of Xylitol From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate: Effects of Inoculum and PH

Considering its high content of hemicellulose, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) lignocellulosic biomass waste from palm oil processing has the potential to be utilized as the raw material for the production of xylitol, a low calorie, low GI, and anti cariogenic alternative sugar with similar sweetness to sucrose. This research explored the possibility of converting EFB to xylitol via green microbial fermentation, in particular the effects of inoculum and initial pH on the fermentation performance. It was observed that the cell concentration in the inoculum and the initial pH affect cell growth and xylitol production. pH 5 was observed to give the best fermentation performance. Further, the fermentation tended to yield more xylitol at higher initial cell concentration. It was also observed that no growth or fermentation inhibitory compounds were found in the EFB hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of EFB. Thus it can be used directly as substrate for xylitol fermentation

The Study of Errors Committed by the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 10 Denpasar in English Writing

Studi ini berfokus pada analisis tipe-tipe, sumber-sumber dan manajemen dari error yang dilakukan oleh siswa kelas delapan di SMP Negeri 10 Denpasar dalam menulis paragraph deskriptif dan narratif dalam bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini di desain secara Descriptive Qualitatively melalui suatu observasi. Data yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi tipe-tipe error dikumpulkan dengan cara memberikan tugas ke siswa untuk menulis paragraph deskriptif dan narrative. Data untuk mencari sumber-sumber kesalahan diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion. Sedangkan, data untuk manajemen error di peroleh lewat process approach dalam menulis. Hasil pertama dari penelitian menunjukkan 7 tipe error yaitu judul paragraph, topic kalimat, kalimat penjelas, koheren antar kalimat, diksi, grammar dan mekanik penulisan. Temuan yang kedua menunjukkan ada empat sumber error, yaitu, ketidaktahuan tentang indicator dalam menulis, kurangnya latihan dalam menulis paragraph deskriptif dan narrative, lupa pada aturan grammar, ejaan dan penggunaan kata. Ada juga beberapa error yang tidak termasuk ke dalam tiga sumber error di atas. Hasil yang ketiga menunjukkan bahwa tipe dan sumber error yang ada masih sama, namun jumlah siswa yang melakukan dan menyatakan alasan yang sama berkurang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kepada para guru tentang perlunya menerapkan process approach dalam menulis paragraf deskriptif dan narratif. Sementara itu, siswa seharusnya memperoleh pengetahuan tetntang indicator dalam menulis serta sering latihan dalam menulis paragraph deskriptif dan narratif. Terlebih lagi, bagi para peneliti di masa depan agar mencari alternatif lain selain process approach untuk memanajemen error secara lebih efisien dan efektif.Kata Kunci : Menulis , Process Approach,TIpe dan Sumber Error This study was focused on analyzing the types, the sources and the management of errors committed by the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 10 Denpasar in writing descriptive and narrative paragraphs. This research was designed descriptive qualitatively through an observation. The data for the types of errors were collected by assigning students to write descriptive and narrative paragraphs. The data for the sources of errors were collected through Focus Group Discussion. Whereas, data for the management of errors were collected through a process approach in writing. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively in term of types and sources of errors. The first research finding shows seven errors namely title of the paragraphs, the topic sentence, the development of paragraphs, the coherence, the diction, the grammar, and the mechanics. The second finding shows the four sources of errors namely absence of knowledge about writing indicators, less practice in writing descriptive and narrative paragraphs, forgetting about grammatical rules, spelling and the USAge of the words. Some errors are unclassifiable based on previous criteria. The third finding shows that the types and sources of errors remained the same, however the number of students committed and reasoning such errors are reduced. The findings imply the necessity for the teacher to implement process approach in writing descriptive and narrative paragraphs. Meanwhile, the students should gain knowledge about writing indicators, and practice in writing descriptive and narrative paragraphs. Moreover, future researchers need to find other alternative aside from process approach in managing errors more efficiently and effectively

An Analysis of Errors on Writing of Eleventh Grade Students of SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendescripsikan: (1) jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa-siswi kelas sebelas pada penulisan report teks, narrative teks, dan analytical exposition teks di SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal; (2) sumber-sumber kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa-siswi kelas sebelas pada penulisan report teks, narrative teks, dan analytical exposition teks di SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal; dan (3) PLEASE strategi sebagai sebuah strategi untuk mengurangi kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa-siswi kelas sebelas pada penulisan report teks, narrative teks, dan analytical exposition teks di SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 24 siswa-siswi kelas IPB. Model penelitian yang dipakai adalah Descriptive Research Design. Content Analysis dipakai untuk menganalisa semua data. Analisa dari tulisan-tulisan siswa-siswi didasarkan pada teori Brown (2007), sedangkan sumber-sumber kesalahan didasarkan pada teori Brown (2007) dan didukung oleh Wawancara Kelompok berdasarkan teori Thomas (2011) dan Zinsser (2013). Hasil analisa menunjukkan munculnya kesalahan-kesalahan pada judul, kalimat utama, pengembangan kalimat, hubungan antar kalimat, gaya penulisan, tata bahasa, tanda baca, addition, omission, substitution, dan ordering. Ditemukan juga sumber-sumber kesalahan: interlingual transfer, dan intralingual transfer. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut dipengaruhi juga oleh pengetahuan yang kurang, latihan yang kurang, dan faktor ingatan. Pengaplikasian PLEASE strategi menunjukkan beberapa pengurangan kesalahan-kesalahan pada tulisan-tulisan siswa-siswi. Tetapi pada kalimat utama dan tata bahasa mengalami peningkatan. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena bertambahnya jumlah kalimat-kalimat yang mampu ditulis siswa-siswi setelah pengaplikasian PLEASE strategy. Kata Kunci : Jenis-jenis Kesalahan, Menulis, Sumber-Sumber Kesalahan, PLEASE Strategi This study aimed at describing: (1) the types of errors committed by the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal on writing texts (report, narrative, and analytical exposition texts); (2) sources of errors committed by the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal on writing texts (report, narrative, and analytical exposition texts); and (3) the effectiveness of PLEASE strategy as a management strategy to reduce the errors committed by the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Abiansemal on writing texts (report, narrative, and analytical exposition texts). The subjects were 24 students of IPB class. The research design was Descriptive Research Design. Content Analysis was used to analyze all the data. The analyses of the students' writings were based on Brown's theory (2007), while the sources of errors were based on Brown's theory (2007) and supported by Group Interview according to Thomas (2011) and Zinsser (2013). The result of the students' writings showed the occurrence of errors in title, topic sentences, developing sentences, coherences, diction, grammar, mechanics, addition, omission, substitution, and ordering. It was also found the sources of errors: interlingual transfer; and intralingual transfer. The interview showed that the errors were caused by absence of knowledge, less practice, and forgetting. The implementation of PLEASE strategy showed some reductions of errors on the students' writings. But, topic sentences and grammar showed increasing of errors. It was influenced by increasing of the sentences made by the students after the implementation of PLEASE strategy. keyword : Sources of Errors, Types of Errors, PLEASE strategy, Writin

Genetic markers of Munc13 protein family member, BAIAP3, are gender-specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine abuse in mouse and man

Anxiety disorders and substance abuse, including benzodiazepine use disorder, frequently occur together. Unfortunately, treatment of anxiety disorders still includes benzodiazepines, and patients with an existing comorbid benzodiazepine use disorder or a genetic susceptibility for benzodiazepine use disorder may be at risk of adverse treatment outcomes. The identification of genetic predictors for anxiety disorders, and especially for benzodiazepine use disorder, could aid the selection of the best treatment option and improve clinical outcomes. The brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor I–associated protein 3 (Baiap3) is a member of the mammalian uncoordinated 13 (Munc13) protein family of synaptic regulators of neurotransmitter exocytosis, with a striking expression pattern in amygdalae, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Deletion of Baiap3 in mice leads to enhanced seizure propensity and increased anxiety, with the latter being more pronounced in female than in male animals. We hypothesized that genetic variation in human BAIAP3 may also be associated with anxiety. By using a phenotype-based genetic association study, we identified two human BAIAP3 single-nucleotide polymorphism risk genotypes (AA for rs2235632, TT for rs1132358) that show a significant association with anxiety in women and, surprisingly, with benzodiazepine abuse in men. Returning to mice, we found that male, but not female, Baiap3 knockout (KO) mice develop tolerance to diazepam more quickly than control animals. Analysis of cultured Baiap3 KO hypothalamus slices revealed an increase in basal network activity and an altered response to diazepam withdrawal. Thus, Baiap3/BAIAP3 is gender specifically associated with anxiety and benzodiazepine use disorder, and the analysis of Baiap3/BAIAP3-related functions may help elucidate mechanisms underlying the development of both disorders

Karakterisasi dan Evalusasi Kinerja Ekstrak Tanin dari Daun Teh (Camellia sinensis L.) Terimobilisasi pada Lempung Aktif (Activated Clay) untuk Penyisihan Kromium Heksavalen

Teh merupakan sebuah minuman yang paling banyak untuk dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Menurut studi penelitian, teh mengandung senyawa tanin yang cukup banyak. Tanin sendiri merupakan senyawa dengan ikatan kimia hidroksil atau disebut fenol yang dapat menjadi solusi dalam pengolahan dan penyisihan logam berat (Kunnambath dan Thirumalaisamy, 2014). Kromium Heksavalen merupakan salah satu bentuk logam kromium yang bersifat beracun. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengolahan kromium heksavalen ini salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan tanin dalam teh. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu dari Li et al. (2012), tanin diketahui dapat mengelat logam berat seperti kromium. Hal ini dikarenakan tanin memiliki kandungan ikatan hidroksi fenol dalam molekulnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental di Laboratorium. Percobaan dilakukan dengan melakukan ekstraksi tanin dari daun teh secara maserasi. Kemudian filtrat diproses dan diimobilisasi ke dalam lempung yang telah di aktivasi. Hasil imobilisasi digunakan untuk adsorpsi limbah artifisial kromium heksavalen dengan sistem batch. Karakteristik lempung aktif yang terimobilisasi adalah berwarna hijau muda, berbentuk serbuk, dan berbau. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi konsentrasi limbah 10, 40, 70, dan 100 ppm dengan variasi waktu kontak 15, 30, 60, 120, dan 180 menit. Dari hasil percobaan, diketahui bahwa waktu kontak dan konsentrasi kromium heksavalen berpengaruh terhadap proses penyisihan dan keduanya berhubungan lurus. Efektivitas penyisihan tertinggi didapatkan pada konsentrasi awal 100 ppm dengan waktu kontak 180 menit yaitu sebesar 68,816 ppm sedangkan untuk efisiensi penyisihan terbesar pada konsentrasi 10 ppm dengan waktu kontak 180 menit sebesar 99,271%. Model isoterm yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini adalah model isoterm Langmuir dengan nilai regresi (R2) terbesar pada penyisihan konsentrasi 10 ppm dengan nilai 0,998. Kemudian model kinetika adsorpsi mengikuti ordo pertama pada konsentrasi 70 dan 100 ppm dan ordo kedua pada konsentrasi 10 dan 40 ppm. Pengujian Scanning Electrone Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) menunjukkan bahwa partikel adsorben lempung aktif sesudah pengontakan cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan sebelum perlakuan karena adanya ikatan dengan unsur-unsur lai