L'agglomération de Besançon a-t-elle une limite ?

La question des limites est récurrente en géographie : la limite permet de séparer un dedans, considéré comme homogène sous certains critères, d'un dehors, différent. Posé en ces termes, la question est simple. En fait, elle ne l'est pas du tout comme le montre la question de l'extension spatiale de l'agglomération bisontine. Quels sont les critères qui président à ce qui est ou non dans l'agglomération ? Des éléments de réponse convaincants sont apportés par la comparaison des résultats obtenus sur les périmètres du SCOT et de l'aire urbaine de Besançon

Sharing and disseminating knowledge of advanced spatial modeling. Presentation of an action carried out by the European research group s4 (spatial simulation for social sciences)

International audienceThe European research group S4 (Spatial simulation for social sciences) gathers researchers in geography as well as in geographical information sciences coming from about 30 European research centres. One action of the European research group S4 consists in sharing and disseminating knowledge of advanced spatial modelling. We propose here to describe several aspects of this action that are of interest considering the objectives of the CAENTI. The first aim of the action is to improve the diffusion of the results of the research in advanced spatial modelling, particularly in direction of regional and urban management and planning. The second aim is the development of tools and methods to improve coherence of knowledge and experiences that is especially required in those fields characterised by a rapidly developing research as it is the case for spatial systems analysis and modelling

Comportements d'acteurs et dynamiques territoriales

National audienceNotre projet est de concevoir un outil d'aide à la décision en matière d'aménagement urbain, s'appliquant aux stratégies de localisation des entreprises commerciales. Il est basé sur la modélisation des interactions entre des acteurs (décideurs, groupes d'agents socio-économiques) et leur territoire. Deux idées fortes sous-tendent ce projet. La première est que l'espace représente un type d 'acteur particulier, qui agit sur le comportement des agents socio-économiques et qui, en retour, est modifié par eux. La seconde consiste à intégrer le raisonnement des équipes municipales (qui sont les décideurs en matière d'aménagement urbain) dans le modèle, afin d'obtenir un outil réellement utilisable par celles-ci

The genome of the medieval Black Death agent (extended abstract)

The genome of a 650 year old Yersinia pestis bacteria, responsible for the medieval Black Death, was recently sequenced and assembled into 2,105 contigs from the main chromosome. According to the point mutation record, the medieval bacteria could be an ancestor of most Yersinia pestis extant species, which opens the way to reconstructing the organization of these contigs using a comparative approach. We show that recent computational paleogenomics methods, aiming at reconstructing the organization of ancestral genomes from the comparison of extant genomes, can be used to correct, order and complete the contig set of the Black Death agent genome, providing a full chromosome sequence, at the nucleotide scale, of this ancient bacteria. This sequence suggests that a burst of mobile elements insertions predated the Black Death, leading to an exceptional genome plasticity and increase in rearrangement rate.Comment: Extended abstract of a talk presented at the conference JOBIM 2013, https://colloque.inra.fr/jobim2013_eng/. Full paper submitte

iCrawl: Improving the Freshness of Web Collections by Integrating Social Web and Focused Web Crawling

Researchers in the Digital Humanities and journalists need to monitor, collect and analyze fresh online content regarding current events such as the Ebola outbreak or the Ukraine crisis on demand. However, existing focused crawling approaches only consider topical aspects while ignoring temporal aspects and therefore cannot achieve thematically coherent and fresh Web collections. Especially Social Media provide a rich source of fresh content, which is not used by state-of-the-art focused crawlers. In this paper we address the issues of enabling the collection of fresh and relevant Web and Social Web content for a topic of interest through seamless integration of Web and Social Media in a novel integrated focused crawler. The crawler collects Web and Social Media content in a single system and exploits the stream of fresh Social Media content for guiding the crawler.Comment: Published in the Proceedings of the 15th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries 201

A planning support system for assessing strategies of local urban planning agencies

Here we present our research project, which aims to develop a new kind of planning support system (PSS). The PSS aims to analyse the urban planning process. An important part of the construction of the PSS is the development of a multi-agent simulation model of the urban planning process; the model will be based on the comparison of the planning systems of France, England and the Netherlands

Evaluation des simulations spatiales

Publication sous forme de CDInternational audienceThe general topic is the evaluation of prospective scenarios for urban planning, especially for the management of urban built up areas. Several models of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC), based on different assumptions, allow producing realistic simulations of urban growth. Three ways can be distinguished for measuring the quality of modelings: 1. The choice of a model and its calibration; 2. The validation (showing if results are realistic); 3. The evaluation (showing if results respect defined planning goals). Measurement methods must be associated to these three steps.L'évaluation de simulations prospectives pour l'aménagement urbain constitue le cadre général de cette recherche. Différents modèles dits "land-use and land-cover change (LUCC)" permettent de produire des simulations réalistes. Trois éléments déterminant la qualité des simulations produites peuvent être distingués : 1. le choix et le calibrage du modèle ; 2. la validation des simulations (qui identifie le caractère réaliste ou non des résultats obtenus) ; 3. l'évaluation des résultats au regard des objectifs d'aménagement énoncés au préalable. L'analyse de chacun de ces éléments suppose le recours à des méthodes de mesure