1,211 research outputs found
Dynamical Gauge Boson and Strong-Weak Reciprocity
It is proposed that asymptotically nonfree gauge theories are consistently
interpreted as theories of composite gauge bosons. It is argued that when
hidden local symmetry is introduced, masslessness and coupling universality of
dynamically generated gauge boson are ensured. To illustrate these ideas we
take a four dimensional Grassmannian sigma model as an example and show that
the model should be regarded as a cut-off theory and there is a critical
coupling at which the hidden local symmetry is restored. Propagator and vertex
functions of the gauge field are calculated explicitly and existence of the
massless pole is shown. The beta function determined from the factor of
the dynamically generated gauge boson coincides with that of an asymptotic
nonfree elementary gauge theory. Using these theoretical machinery we construct
a model in which asymptotic free and nonfree gauge bosons coexist and their
running couplings are related by the reciprocally proportional relation.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 6 eps figures, a numbers of corrections are made in
the tex
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model Coupled to Constant Electromagnetic Fields in D-Dimension
Critical dynamics of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, coupled to a constant
electromagnetic field in D=2, 3, and 4, is reconsidered from a viewpoint of
infrared behavior and vacuum instability. The latter is associated with
constant electric fields and cannot be avoidable in the nonperturbative
framework obtained through the proper time method. As for magnetic fields, an
infrared cut-off is essential to investigate the critical phenomena. The result
reconfirms the fact that the critical coupling in D=3 and 4 goes to zero even
under an infinitesimal magnetic field. There also shows that a non-vanishing
causes instability. A perturbation with
respect to external fields is adopted to investigate critical quantities, but
the resultant asymptotic expansion excellently matches with the exact value.Comment: 27 pages, 17 figure files, LaTe
Large-angle scattering and quasi-elastic barrier distributions
We study in detail the barrier distributions extracted from large-angle
quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions at energies near the Coulomb barrier.
Using a closed-form expression for scattering from a single barrier, we compare
the quasi-elastic barrier distribution with the corresponding test function for
fusion. We examine the isocentrifugal approximation in coupled-channels
calculations of quasi-elastic scattering and find that for backward angles, it
works well, justifying the concept of a barrier distribution for scattering
processes. This method offers an interesting tool for investigating unstable
nuclei. We illustrate this for the Mg + Pb reaction, where the
quadrupole collectivity of the neutron-rich Mg remains to be clarified
experimentally.Comment: 26 pages, 10 eps figure
Non-Markovian entanglement dynamics in the presence of system-bath coherence
A complete treatment of the entanglement of two-level systems, which evolves
through the contact with a thermal bath, must include the fact that the system
and the bath are not fully separable. Therefore, quantum coherent
superpositions of system and bath states, which are almost never fully included
in theoretical models, are invariably present when an entangled state is
prepared experimentally. We show their importance for the time evolution of the
entanglement of two qubits coupled to independent baths. In addition, our
treatment is able to handle slow and low-temperature thermal baths.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Hierarchical Equations of Motion Approach to Quantum Thermodynamics
We present a theoretical framework to investigate quantum thermodynamic
processes under non-Markovian system-bath interactions on the basis of the
hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) approach, which is convenient to carry
out numerically "exact" calculations. This formalism is valuable because it can
be used to treat not only strong system-bath coupling but also system-bath
correlation or entanglement, which will be essential to characterize the heat
transport between the system and quantum heat baths. Using this formalism, we
demonstrated an importance of the thermodynamic effect from the tri-partite
correlations (TPC) for a two-level heat transfer model and a three-level
autonomous heat engine model under the conditions that the conventional quantum
master equation approaches are failed. Our numerical calculations show that TPC
contributions, which distinguish the heat current from the energy current, have
to be take into account to satisfy the thermodynamic laws.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. As a chapter of: F. Binder, L. A. Correa, C.
Gogolin, J. Anders, and G. Adesso (eds.), "Thermodynamics in the quantum
regime - Recent Progress and Outlook", (Springer International Publishing
An extension of Fourier analysis for the n-torus in the magnetic field and its application to spectral analysis of the magnetic Laplacian
We solved the Schr{\"o}dinger equation for a particle in a uniform magnetic
field in the n-dimensional torus. We obtained a complete set of solutions for a
broad class of problems; the torus T^n = R^n / {\Lambda} is defined as a
quotient of the Euclidean space R^n by an arbitrary n-dimensional lattice
{\Lambda}. The lattice is not necessary either cubic or rectangular. The
magnetic field is also arbitrary. However, we restrict ourselves within
potential-free problems; the Schr{\"o}dinger operator is assumed to be the
Laplace operator defined with the covariant derivative. We defined an algebra
that characterizes the symmetry of the Laplacian and named it the magnetic
algebra. We proved that the space of functions on which the Laplacian acts is
an irreducible representation space of the magnetic algebra. In this sense the
magnetic algebra completely characterizes the quantum mechanics in the magnetic
torus. We developed a new method for Fourier analysis for the magnetic torus
and used it to solve the eigenvalue problem of the Laplacian. All the
eigenfunctions are given in explicit forms.Comment: 32 pages, LaTeX, minor corrections are mad
Triaxially deformed relativistic point-coupling model for hypernuclei: a quantitative analysis of hyperon impurity effect on nuclear collective properties
The impurity effect of hyperon on atomic nuclei has received a renewed
interest in nuclear physics since the first experimental observation of
appreciable reduction of transition strength in low-lying states of
hypernucleus Li. Many more data on low-lying states of
hypernuclei will be measured soon for -shell nuclei, providing good
opportunities to study the impurity effect on nuclear low-energy
excitations. We carry out a quantitative analysis of hyperon impurity
effect on the low-lying states of -shell nuclei at the beyond-mean-field
level based on a relativistic point-coupling energy density functional (EDF),
considering that the hyperon is injected into the lowest
positive-parity () and negative-parity () states. We
adopt a triaxially deformed relativistic mean-field (RMF) approach for
hypernuclei and calculate the binding energies of hypernuclei as well
as the potential energy surfaces (PESs) in deformation plane.
We also calculate the PESs for the hypernuclei with good quantum
numbers using a microscopic particle rotor model (PRM) with the same
relativistic EDF. The triaxially deformed RMF approach is further applied in
order to determine the parameters of a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian
(5DCH) for the collective excitations of triaxially deformed core nuclei.
Taking Mg and Si as examples, we analyse
the impurity effects of and on the low-lying states of
the core nuclei...Comment: 15 pages with 18 figures and 1 table (version to be published in
Physical Review C
Optical signatures of intrinsic electron localization in amorphous SiO2
We measure and analyse the optical absorption spectra of three silica glass samples irradiated with 1 MeV electrons at 80 K, where self-trapped holes are stable, and use ab initio calculations to demonstrate that these spectra contain a signature of intrinsic electron traps created as counterparts to the holes. In particular, we argue that optical absorption bands peaking at 3.7, 4.7, and 6.4âeV belong to strongly localised electrons trapped at precursor sites in amorphous structure characterized by strained SiâO bonds and OâSiâO angles greater than 132°. These results are important for our understanding of the properties of silica glass and other silicates as well as the reliability of electronic and optical devices and for luminescence dating
Can apparent superluminal neutrino speeds be explained as a quantum weak measurement?
Probably not.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur
- âŠ