8,591 research outputs found
Thermal switching rate of a ferromagnetic material with uniaxial anisotropy
The field dependence of the thermal switching rate of a ferromagnetic
material with uniaxial anisotropy was studied by solving the Fokker-Planck
equation. We derived the analytical expression of the thermal switching rate
using the mean first-passage time approach, and found that Brown's formula
[Phys. Rev. 130, 1677 (1963)] is applicable even in the low barrier limit by
replacing the attempt frequency with the proper factor which is expressed by
the error function.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Raman spectroscopy on mechanically exfoliated pristine graphene ribbons
We present Raman spectroscopy measurements of non-etched graphene
nanoribbons, with widths ranging from 15 to 160 nm, where the D-line intensity
is strongly dependent on the polarization direction of the incident light. The
extracted edge disorder correlation length is approximately one order of
magnitude larger than on previously reported graphene ribbons fabricated by
reactive ion etching techniques. This suggests a more regular crystallographic
orientation of the non-etched graphene ribbons here presented. We further
report on the ribbons width dependence of the line-width and frequency of the
long-wavelength optical phonon mode (G-line) and the 2D-line of the studied
graphene ribbons
Contact-less characterizations of encapsulated graphene p-n junctions
Accessing intrinsic properties of a graphene device can be hindered by the
influence of contact electrodes. Here, we capacitively couple graphene devices
to superconducting resonant circuits and observe clear changes in the
resonance- frequency and -widths originating from the internal charge dynamics
of graphene. This allows us to extract the density of states and charge
relaxation resistance in graphene p-n junctions without the need of electrical
contacts. The presented characterizations pave a fast, sensitive and
non-invasive measurement of graphene nanocircuits.Comment: 4 figures, supplementary information on reques
Etched graphene quantum dots on hexagonal boron nitride
We report on the fabrication and characterization of etched graphene quantum
dots (QDs) on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and SiO2 with different island
diameters. We perform a statistical analysis of Coulomb peak spacings over a
wide energy range. For graphene QDs on hBN, the standard deviation of the
normalized peak spacing distribution decreases with increasing QD diameter,
whereas for QDs on SiO2 no diameter dependency is observed. In addition, QDs on
hBN are more stable under the influence of perpendicular magnetic fields up to
9T. Both results indicate a substantially reduced substrate induced disorder
potential in graphene QDs on hBN
Even denominator fractional quantum Hall states in higher Landau levels of graphene
An important development in the field of the fractional quantum Hall effect
has been the proposal that the 5/2 state observed in the Landau level with
orbital index of two dimensional electrons in a GaAs quantum well
originates from a chiral -wave paired state of composite fermions which are
topological bound states of electrons and quantized vortices. This state is
theoretically described by a "Pfaffian" wave function or its hole partner
called the anti-Pfaffian, whose excitations are neither fermions nor bosons but
Majorana quasiparticles obeying non-Abelian braid statistics. This has inspired
ideas on fault-tolerant topological quantum computation and has also instigated
a search for other states with exotic quasiparticles. Here we report
experiments on monolayer graphene that show clear evidence for unexpected
even-denominator fractional quantum Hall physics in the Landau level. We
numerically investigate the known candidate states for the even-denominator
fractional quantum Hall effect, including the Pfaffian, the particle-hole
symmetric Pfaffian, and the 221-parton states, and conclude that, among these,
the 221-parton appears a potentially suitable candidate to describe the
experimentally observed state. Like the Pfaffian, this state is believed to
harbour quasi-particles with non-Abelian braid statistic
Intermediate-mass-ratio-inspirals in the Einstein Telescope: I. Signal-to-noise ratio calculations
The Einstein Telescope (ET) is a proposed third generation ground-based
interferometer, for which the target is a sensitivity that is a factor of ten
better than Advanced LIGO and a frequency range that extends down to about 1Hz.
ET will provide opportunities to test Einstein's theory of relativity in the
strong field and will realize precision gravitational wave astronomy with a
thousandfold increase in the expected number of events over the advanced
ground-based detectors. A design study for ET is currently underway, so it is
timely to assess the science that could be done with such an instrument. This
paper is the first in a series that will carry out a detailed study of
intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals (IMRIs) for ET. In the context of ET, an IMRI
is the inspiral of a neutron star or stellar-mass black hole into an
intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). In this paper we focus on the development
of IMRI waveform models for circular and equatorial inspirals. We consider two
approximations for the waveforms, which both incorporate the inspiral, merger
and ringdown phases in a consistent way. One approximation, valid for IMBHs of
arbitrary spin, uses the transition model of Ori and Thorne [1] to describe the
merger, and this is then matched smoothly onto a ringdown waveform. The second
approximation uses the Effective One Body (EOB) approach to model the merger
phase of the waveform and is valid for non-spinning IMBHs. In this paper, we
use both waveform models to compute signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for IMRI
sources detectable by ET. At a redshift of z=1, we find typical SNRs for IMRI
systems with masses 1.4+100 solar masses, 10+100 solar masses, 1.4+500 solar
masses and 10+500 solar masses of about 10-25, 40-80, 3-15 and 10-60,
respectively. We also find that the two models make predictions for
non-spinning inspirals that are consistent to about ten percent.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, v3 has an updated reference for consistency with
accepted versio
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