VULNERABILITY OF ART WORKS TO BLAST HAZARD: THE FOUNTAIN OF NEPTUNE IN FLORENCE

Conservation and protection of art works is a primary goal of each community, since arti-facts represent a fundamental cultural and economic asset. In most cases, art goods are ex-hibited in Museums, which are appointed for their protection. Some of them, however, are exhibited outdoor, since they are conceived and made to enrich the public areas. In these cas-es, the art goods result to be even more vulnerable, since they are subjected both to natural hazard (i.e. earthquakes and floods) and to vandalic attacks. Art works have an intrinsic vul-nerability, due to their irregular shape, slenderness, fragility and to their oldness. This paper is focused on the dynamic response of statues to blast explosion; a valuable case-study, i.e. the Fountain of Neptune, located in “Piazza della Signoria”, in Florence. The Fountain of Neptune is a marble and bronze opus made by Bartolomeo Ammannati between 1560 and 1565. The main character of the Fountain, Neptune, is a marble statue 5.7 meters tall, with a weight equal to 11.5 ton. A preliminary laser scanner survey has been made to achieve the geometrical representation of the statue. The geometrical model has been arranged, in order to be used for structural analyses. A numerical analysis has been performed to find the dy-namic response of the statue to the loading resulting from a blast explosion. Such response has been found by assuming the explosion of assigned amounts of TNT. Some different cases have been considered, and a limit loading condition has been found for the blast, as a func-tion of its amount

public housing in florence seismic assessment of masonry buildings

Abstract Florence is known all over the word for its historical and monumental buildings; however, most part of residential buildings have been made in the XX century, and they present all the critical issues proper of recent housing. Florence is one of the first Italian cities to have experienced the public housing. Its public housing population consists mostly of masonry buildings, and it does not comply the requirements provided by the current seismic legislation. This work is aimed at evaluating the seismic performance of a masonry building-type belonging to the public housing population of Florence. A typical public housing intervention, consisting of 18 masonry buildings, has been assumed as case-study. The seismic input has been described according to the Italian Code prescriptions, by considering the effective soil stratigraphy, and considering the effective mechanical properties of each layer. The seismic performance of the case-studies has been checked by performing a nonlinear static analysis. The results are expressed in terms of seismic performance, defined as the ratio between the seismic capacity and the corresponding demand. The obtained results evidenced the role of the building features on the seismic assessment of the buildings

A fianco del padrone. Tipologie e simbolismi del cane sui monumenti funerari attici d'età classica

ItIl presente contributo si propone di analizzare le differenti tipologie canine raffigurate sui monumenti funerari attici del periodo classico, al fine di delinearne modalità di impiego e valenze simboliche. Dopo un primo esame dei fenotipi etnici dei cani, l'analisi incrociata degli esemplari presenti sui monumenti funerari a rilievo e su quelli a tuttotondo ha permesso di effettuare una prima selezione delle categorie canine rappresentate, portando a identificare almeno tre tipologie ricorrenti: una cane di tipo Spitz, un cane di tipo Podenco e un cane Molosso. Si è proceduto poi a un'analisi delle relazioni intercorrenti fra tali cani e le tipologie di monumenti a cui questi risultano legati, nonché delle (eventuali) associazioni fra questi animali e specifiche categorie umane. Le conclusioni raggiunte hanno permesso di individuare una logica apparentemente stringente nella scelta e nell'impiego delle sopraddette tipologie, portando a formulare anche alcune possibili interpretazioni circa le ragioni ideologiche sottostanti all'impiego del cane nell'arte funeraria attica d'età classica.EnThe aim of this paper is to analyze the different types of dogs represented on Attic funerary monuments of classical period (V-IV century B.C.), in order to outline their artistic employment and their symbolic meanings. After the examination of the phenotypes of dog races, the crossanalysis of the specimens on funerary monuments (reliefs and statues) allowed us to make a first selection of the canine categories represented, leading to identify at least three types of dogs: a Spitz dog type, a Podenco dog type and a Molossian dog. The research proceeded then into a study of the relationships among these dogs and the typologies of monuments, as well as their (eventual) associations with human categories. The conclusions allowed us to define a compelling logic in the selection and use of the dogs, leading us to formulate some possible interpretations concerning the ideological reasons in the representation of these animals in Attic funerary art of classical age

the bartolomeo ammannati s fountain an artifact in progress

Abstract Artifacts are not only fundamental evidences of our history and culture, but they are even entities having a proper "life". The present research focuses on Bartolomeo Ammannati's Juno Fountain (1555) – a Late-Renaissance masterpiece whose eventful story made it moving around from its planned site, the "Sala Grande" in Florentine Palazzo Vecchio, to Pratolino Park, then to Boboli Garden. Finally, current fragments re-assembling and museography staging under the vaults of the National Museum of Bargello court in Florence has been set up a few years ago on the 5th centenary of Ammannati's birthdate – after careful historical research about the many vicissitudes of the Fountain. Although there isn't any location change expected for this Ammannati's artwork, investigations and researches are going on. Namely, the seismic performance of the reconstructed Fountain is to be checked with reference to the seismic hazard of the site, as provided by the Italian Code classification. To this objective, the previously done laser scanning which allowed a three-dimensional digital modeling to help re-assembling the Fountain, has been now adopted to perform the structural analysis. Consequently, a structural evaluation to check the setting's seismic behavior is currently under process. The research, developed by joining different knowledges and fields, is an example of the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for preserving artifacts and museums' collections

Response Site Analyses of 3D Homogeneous Soil Models

The seismic excitation at the surface can be determined through Site Response Analyses (SRA) as to account for the specific soil properties of the site. However, the obtained results are largely affected by the model choice and setting, and by the depth of the considered soil layer. This paper proposes a refined 3D analytical approach, by the application of OPENSEES platform. A preliminary analysis has been performed to check the model adequacy as regards the mesh geometry and the boundary conditions. After the model setting, a SRA has been performed on various soil profiles, differing for the shear velocity and representing the different soil classes as proposed by the Eurocode 8 (EC8). Three levels of seismic hazard have been considered. The seismic input at the bedrock has been represented consequently, through as much ensembles of seven ground motions each, spectrum-compatible to the elastic spectra provided by EC8 for the soil-type A (bedrock). Special attention has been paid to the role of the considered soil depth on the evaluation of the surface seismic input. Different values of depth have been considered for each soil type and seismic intensity, in order to check its effect on the obtained results