Growth of high-quality CrI3 single crystals and engineering of its magnetic properties via V and Mn doping

CrI3, as a soft van der Waals layered magnetic material, has been widely concerned and explored for its magnetic complexity and tunability. In this work, high quality and large size thin CrI3, V and Mn doped single crystals were prepared by chemical vapor transfer method. A remarkable irreversible Barkhausen effect was observed in CrI3 and CrMn0.06I3, which can be attributed to the low dislocation density that facilitates movement of the domain walls. In addition, the introduction of the doping element Mn allows higher saturation magnetization intensity. Cr0.5V0.5I3 exhibits substantially increased coercivity force and larger magnetocrystalline anisotropy compared to CrI3, while kept similar Curie temperature and good environmental stability. The first principles calculations suggest direct and narrowed band gaps in Cr0.5V0.5I3 and VI3 comparing to CrI3. The smaller band gaps and good hard magnetic property make Cr0.5V0.5I3 an alternative choice to future research of spintronic devices

Event-triggered dynamic output quantized control for 2-D switched systems

It is well known that designing mode-dependent event-triggered control (MDETC) brings challenging difficulties to theoretical analysis, especially for two-dimensional (2-D) switched systems. Therefore, for 2-D switched Fornasini–Marchesini local state-space (FMLSS) systems, this paper designs a MDETC to investigate global exponential stabilization almost surely (GES a.s.). A MDETC based on dynamic output quantization control scheme is designed, which not only has a wide range of practicability, but also greatly saves network bandwidth resources. By constructing mode-dependent Lyapunov functions that include two time directions, some novel sufficient conditions are provided such that the switched FMLSS system achieves GES a.s. Unlike most previous results, our results do not require each mode to be stable, not even after adding control. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to verify the validity of our main theoretical results

Understanding the relationship between HCV infection and progression of kidney disease

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause a range of kidney diseases. HCV is the primary cause of mixed cryoglobulinaemia, which leads to cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis and cryoglobulinaemic glomerulonephritis (GN). Patients with acute cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis often exhibit acute kidney disease due to HCV infection, which typically progresses to acute kidney injury (AKI). HCV also increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the likelihood of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Currently, direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) can be used to treat kidney disease at different stages. This review focuses on key findings regarding HCV and kidney disease, discusses the impact of DAAs, and highlights the need for further research and treatment

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure