Three Dimensional Imaging of the Nucleon and Semi-Inclusive High Energy Reactions

We present a short overview on the studies of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions of the nucleon. The aim of such studies is to provide a three dimensional imagining of the nucleon and a comprehensive description of semi-inclusive high energy reactions. By comparing with the theoretical framework that we have for the inclusive deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering and the one-dimensional imaging of the nucleon, we summarize what we need to do in order to construct such a comprehensive theoretical framework for semi-inclusive processes in terms of three dimensional gauge invariant parton distributions. After that, we present an overview of what we have already achieved with emphasize on the theoretical framework for semi-inclusive reactions in leading order perturbative QCD but with leading and higher twist contributions. We summarize in particular the results for the differential cross section and the azimuthal spin asymmetries in terms of the gauge invariant transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions. We also briefly summarize the available experimental results on semi-inclusive reactions and parameterizations of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions extracted from them and make an outlook for the future studies.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure

The Key Successful Factors of Internet Business: The Study of Online Bookshop

Electronic commerce is viewed as a more and more important issue for the rapid growth of online commercial activities. The books, having the properties of numerous categories, low unit price, and the convenience of delivering, have become the major products on line. So the online bookshops are appropriate for study to find out the key successful factors of Internet business. We first conduct twice Delphi to confirm several factors that are important to success in Internet business and there are 32 factors to be chosen. We then calculate the relative weigh of each factor with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and select 14 factors having the highest weight to be the key successful factors of Internet business. These 14 factors in order of weight include the ability of managing the business change, filling the Place with Entrepreneurs and growing with them, the ability of managing the customer relationship, targeting the right customers, the price can react to market quickly, building the knowledge management systems, excellent sever ice after payment, building distribution center to develop unbeatable logistics, the ability of managing the cost, offering Great Value, the ability of marketing by database, building the goodwill and brand image, getting the trust of virtual community and maintain it continually, and the ability of developing the technology

Regulation of CLC-1 chloride channel biosynthesis by FKBP8 and Hsp90β.

Mutations in human CLC-1 chloride channel are associated with the skeletal muscle disorder myotonia congenita. The disease-causing mutant A531V manifests enhanced proteasomal degradation of CLC-1. We recently found that CLC-1 degradation is mediated by cullin 4 ubiquitin ligase complex. It is currently unclear how quality control and protein degradation systems coordinate with each other to process the biosynthesis of CLC-1. Herein we aim to ascertain the molecular nature of the protein quality control system for CLC-1. We identified three CLC-1-interacting proteins that are well-known heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-associated co-chaperones: FK506-binding protein 8 (FKBP8), activator of Hsp90 ATPase homolog 1 (Aha1), and Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (HOP). These co-chaperones promote both the protein level and the functional expression of CLC-1 wild-type and A531V mutant. CLC-1 biosynthesis is also facilitated by the molecular chaperones Hsc70 and Hsp90β. The protein stability of CLC-1 is notably increased by FKBP8 and the Hsp90β inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) that substantially suppresses cullin 4 expression. We further confirmed that cullin 4 may interact with Hsp90β and FKBP8. Our data are consistent with the idea that FKBP8 and Hsp90β play an essential role in the late phase of CLC-1 quality control by dynamically coordinating protein folding and degradation

Experimental study on flow resistance over rigid vegetated channel

Vegetation is an important part of the ecological channel, and flow structure over vegetation in ecological channel is rather complex. The vegetation resistance to flow is affected by many factors, and there is still no general calculation method to express it. Thus, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of flow resistance over vegetation in open channel. In this paper, the rigid cylindrical sticks arranged in the open channel were used to simulate the stems of non-submerged vegetation in order to investigate the effects of vegetation on the flow. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, it shows the form drag caused by vegetation is closely related to the vortex volume created by vegetation. In addition, the total resistance of vegetated channel can be determined by two methods based on vegetation density and flow resistance partitioning, respectively, and both of them are verified by the experimental results. What\u27s more, for rigid vegetation, the drag coefficient is closely related to vegetation density, spacing between vegetation patches and the Reynolds number. The empirical formula among them was established through the experimental results