Parental psychological distress associated with COVID-19 outbreak: A large-scale multicenter survey from Turkey

Aims: Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds. Methods: A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents (n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers—HCW [18.2%] vs. others), geographical (İstanbul [38.2%] vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder [37.8%]) backgrounds. Results: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p <.001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p <.001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p =.012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p <.001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p =.043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p <.001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p <.001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p <.001) were independently associated with significant parental distress. Conclusions: Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit. © The Author(s) 2020

OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞU OLAN BİR ÇOCUKTA METİLFENİDATIN TETİKLEDİĞİ HALÜSİNASYON

Giriş Metilfenidat, çocuklarda dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğunun tedavisinde ilk sırada tercih edilen merkezi sinir sistemini uyarıcı bir ilaçtır.1 Merkezi sinir sisteminde dopamin ve noradrenalin geri alımını inhibe eden metilfenidat, striatum ve prefrontal kortekste sinaptik aralıktaki dopamin miktarını ortalama dört kat arttırmaktadır.2 Kullanımında görülen en yaygın yan etkiler iştahsızlık, kilo kaybı, uykusuzluk, karın ağrısı ve baş ağrısıdır.3 Metilfenidatın tedavi dozlarında nadir görülen bir yan etkisi ise taktil, görsel veya işitsel olabilen halüsinasyonlardır.4 Otizm spektrum bozukluğu, dikkat eksikliği/hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanıları olan sekiz yaşındaki kız hastada metilfenidat kullanımı sonucunda gelişen görsel halüsinasyonu sunuyoruz

Antibiotic associated diarrhea in outpatient pediatric antibiotic therapy

Background: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is one of the most frequent side effects of antimicrobial therapy. We assessed the epidemiological data of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in pediatric patients in our region. Methods: The prospective multi-center study included pediatric patients who were initiated an oral antibiotic course in outpatient clinics and followed in a well-established surveillance system. This follow-up system constituded inclusion of patient by the primary physician, supply of family follow-up charts to the family, passing the demographics and clinical information of patient to the Primary Investigator Centre, and a close telephone follow-up of patients for a period of eight weeks by the Primary Investigator Centre. Results: A result of 758 cases were recruited in the analysis which had a frequency of 10.4% antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Among the cases treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate 10.4%, and cephalosporins 14.4% presented with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In the analysis of antibiotic-associated diarrhea occurrence according to different geographical regions of Turkey, antibiotic-associated diarrhea episodes differed significantly (p = 0.014), particularly higher in The Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia. Though most commonly encountered with cephalosporin use, antibiotic-associated diarrhea is not a frequent side effect. Conclusion: This study on pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea displayed epidemiological data and the differences geographically in our region