The ENCODE Imputation Challenge: a critical assessment of methods for cross-cell type imputation of epigenomic profiles

A promising alternative to comprehensively performing genomics experiments is to, instead, perform a subset of experiments and use computational methods to impute the remainder. However, identifying the best imputation methods and what measures meaningfully evaluate performance are open questions. We address these questions by comprehensively analyzing 23 methods from the ENCODE Imputation Challenge. We find that imputation evaluations are challenging and confounded by distributional shifts from differences in data collection and processing over time, the amount of available data, and redundancy among performance measures. Our analyses suggest simple steps for overcoming these issues and promising directions for more robust research

Stability control of in-wheel motor drive vehicle with motor fault

In-wheel motor drive vehicles have many advantages such as more efficient, energy-saving, large space, and flexible control. But the increase of four-wheel actuators and sensors makes the probability of wheel motor fault increase and brings risk to the safety and reliability of the system. For in-wheel motor drive vehicles, the motor torque output fault happens frequently, which seriously affects the stability and safety of the vehicle. The stability control under the single-motor fault condition is considered in this paper, and the vehicle model with a single-motor fault and the fault diagnosis observer are established. Then, combined with the fault observation, a stability control method is formulated based on the different states of the controlled object of the vehicle. At the stage of low speed and small steering, a torque compensation controller including steady state/feedforward/feedback control is designed for the fault motor based on the triple-step method to ensure the vehicle staying in a stable driving state. At the stage of high-speed, large-steering, or large-torque output, the vehicle stability control based on torque distribution is carried out for the sound wheel, which is composed of a torque tracking controller and a torque optimal distribution controller. The former can make the vehicle get rid of the fault state quickly, and the latter can effectively keep the stability of the vehicle and make the vehicle maintain a certain driving response ability. Finally, the control method proposed in this paper is simulated and tested on the CarSim/Simulink joint simulation platform and the CarSim/LabVIEW hardware-in-loop experiment bench. The results show that after the single-motor fault occurs, the stability control system can effectively suppress the instability of the vehicle caused by the single-motor fault and ensure the stability and safety of the vehicle

Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of the MAPKKK genes in Gossypium arboreum L.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are important components of MAPK cascades, which have different functions during developmental processes and stress responses. To date, there has been no systematic investigation of this gene family in the diploid cotton Gossypium arboreum L. In this study, a genome-wide survey was performed which identified 78 MAPKKK genes in G. arboreum. Phylogenetic analysis classified these genes into three subgroups: 14 belonged to ZIK, 20 to MEKK, and 44 to Raf. Chromosome location, phylogeny, and the conserved protein motifs of the MAPKKK gene family in G. arboreum were analyzed. The MAPKKK genes had a scattered genomic distribution across 13 chromosomes. The members in the same subfamily shared similar conserved motifs. The MAPKKK expression patterns were analyzed in mature leaves, stems, roots, and at different ovule developmental stages, as well as under salt, and drought stresses. Transcriptome analysis showed that 76 MAPKKK genes had different transcript accumulation patterns in the tested tissues and 38 MAPKKK genes were differentially expressed in response to salt and drought stresses. These results lay the foundation for understanding the complex mechanisms behind MAPKKK-mediated developmental processes and abiotic stress-signaling transduction pathways in cotton.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author