Entrepreneurship and Welfare

We examine returns to entrepreneurship using a standard measure of welfare, the per capita consumption xpenditure. Using quantile regressions, we find welfare hierarchy in occupations. The results suggest that, across the welfare distribution, entrepreneurs who employ others have the high-test returns in terms of consumption, while those entrepreneurs who work for themselves, that is, self-employed individuals, have slightly lower returns than the salaried employees. However, self-employment entails higher returns than casual labour and an escape from poverty.entrepreneurship; self-employment; welfare; developing countries; quantile regressions

The Dynamics of Self-employment in a Developing Country: Evidence from India

We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of self-employment in India using geoadditive models and pseudo panel techniques. We test the claim of Iyigun and Owen (1999) that individuals invest in professional human capital and not in entrepreneurial human capital as an economy develops. The results suggest that in non-agriculture, higher education decreases the likelihood of individuals choosing self-employment over time; however, it has an opposite effect in agriculture. While increases in land possessed increase the likelihood of self-employment choice in agriculture, individuals with small land holdings are more likely to transition into self-employment in non-agriculture. Belonging to a backward class has a negative effect on self-employment choice in both sectors; however, the effect has increased in non-agriculture and remained stable in agriculture. The geoadditive models suggest that the propensity to be self-employed has decreased across most spatial units, although there are few pockets where self-employment is rising again.

The Positive Effects of Globalisation

This paper consits of two parts .. First part is a Static model..and models a globalised economy and observes the effects of sense of security between nations and the willingness of people to develop and cooperate.the Second part considers the world as a set of regions specialising in production of certain commodities and mathematically derives a model that maximises the globalised tradeFree Trade, Globalisation, International Trade, Open Trade,

The Dynamics of Self-employment in a Developing Country: Evidence from India

We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of self-employment in India using geoadditive models and pseudo panel techniques. We test the claim of Iyigun and Owen (1999) that individuals invest in professional human capital and not in entrepreneurial human capital as an economy develops. The results suggest that in non-agriculture, higher education decreases the likelihood of individuals choosing self-employment over time; however, it has an opposite effect in agriculture. While increases in land possessed increase the likelihood of self-employment choice in agriculture, individuals with small land holdings are more likely to transition into self-employment in non-agriculture. Belonging to a backward class has a negative effect on self-employment choice in both sectors; however, the effect has increased in non-agriculture and remained stable in agriculture. The geoadditive models suggest that the propensity to be self-employed has decreased across most spatial units, although there are few pockets where self-employment is rising again.Entrepreneurship, Self-employment, Developing Countries, Dynamics, Pseudo Panels

Real and Pseudo Globalisation

The entire discussion about Globalisation that is prevalent today is about PSEUDO globalisation. It is apparently about opening economies for free trade. The need of the hour is not mere opening of economies, but one of opening hearts and minds.... Globalisation anchors for its success on the understanding in men and nations that every barrier that exists, reflects the paucity of human courage and concern. It is impossible to successfully have a global economy and command universal prosperity till such time we retain a shallow outlook; an outlook that is rooted in fear and doubt, for this cannot lead us on the path that demands faith and intrepidity.globalisation welfare progress collectivism

Essays on Entrepreneurship and Economic Development

Während Entrepreneurship in Industriestaaten in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur bereits vielfältig behandelt worden ist, so ist doch derzeit wenig über das Konzept Entrepreneurship in der Umgebung von Entwicklungsländern erforscht. Die Dissertation versucht, hier mit Hilfe von verschiedenen Analysen Antworten auf Fragen zu finden wie: Wer ist in einem solchen Kontext ein Entrepreneur, wer darunter schafft Arbeitsplätze? Wie sind die Bedingungen für Betriebsansiedlungen, welche sozialen Sicherungssysteme gibt es, wie sind die Handlungsspielräume

The Dynamics of Self-employment in a Developing Country: Evidence from India

We examine the spatio-temporal dynamics of self-employment in India using geoadditive models and pseudo panel techniques. We test the claim of Iyigun and Owen (1999) that individuals invest in professional human capital and not in entrepreneurial human capital as an economy develops. The results suggest that in non-agriculture, higher education decreases the likelihood of individuals choosing self-employment over time; however, it has an opposite effect in agriculture. While increases in land possessed increase the likelihood of self-employment choice in agriculture, individuals with small land holdings are more likely to transition into self-employment in non-agriculture. Belonging to a backward class has a negative effect on self-employment choice in both sectors; however, the effect has increased in non-agriculture and remained stable in agriculture. The geoadditive models suggest that the propensity to be self-employed has decreased across most spatial units, although there are few pockets where self-employment is rising again

2008,08: The growth and decline of small firms in developing countries

Empirical work on micro and small firms has focused on developed countries. The little work that exists on developing countries is all too often based on small samples taken from ad hoc questionnaires. The census data we analyze are fairly representative of the structure of small business in India. Consistent with prior research on developed countries, size and age have a negative impact on firm growth in the majority of specifications. The decision to export is a double-edged sword if successful it can accelerate the growth of successful firms, but it can also increase the probability of decline. While proprietary ownership results in faster growth, enterprises managed by women are less likely to grow and more likely to decline. Although many small firms are able to convert knowhow into commercial success, we find that many others do not have any technical knowledge and some are unable to use it to their benefit. -- Entrepreneurship ; Developing countries ; Micro and Small businesses ; Firm growth ; Firm age ; Barriers to growth ; Declining firms ; Female entrepreneur

The Returns to Occupations: The Role of Minimum Wage and Gender in Nigeria

This paper examines the economic returns to being employers, paid workers and self-employed own account individuals in a lower middle income economy using quantile regressions while accounting for selection using Heckman selection models. The results suggest that although the majority of employers experience labour wage premiums throughout the income distribution, self-employed own account individuals experience a wage penalty at the lower quantiles of the income distribution where paid workers reap benefits from minimum wage guarantees, suggesting that minimum wage legislations may push individuals with low skills into self-employment. Furthermore, female employers and paid workers tend to be relatively well educated implying that education enables females to escape the job glass ceiling although males typically earn significantly more than females

Putting digital technologies at the forefront of Industry 5.0 for the implementation of a circular economy in manufacturing industries

Together with a human-centered approach to designing and operating production and logistics in an industrial context, digital technologies can lead to a sustainable, resilient, and human-centric Industry 5.0 (I5.0). This article is one of the first interdisciplinary studies integrating digital technologies and circular economy (CE) concepts in I5.0. Using expert-based surveys of industry leaders and analytical hierarchical process techniques, the article advances CE and technology management by empirically investigating the influence of I5.0 on CE aspects in manufacturing. The novel results presented here can enable policymakers and industry leaders to design effective CE strategies