MUC4 and MUC1 expression in adenocarcinoma of the stomach correlates with vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis: an immunohistochemical study of early gastric cancer.

We have previously reported that MUC4 expression is a poor prognostic factor in various carcinomas. Our previous study also showed that MUC1 expression in gastric cancers, including the early and advanced stages is a poor prognostic factor. In the present study, the expression profiles of MUC4 and MUC1 were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using two anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), 8G7 and 1G8, and anti-MUC1 MAb DF3 in 104 gastrectomy specimens of early gastric adenocarcinoma with submucosal invasion (pT1b2), including 197 histological subtype lesions. Before the IHC study of the human specimens, we evaluated the specificity of the two MAbs by Western blotting and IHC of two MUC4 mRNA expressing gastric cancer cell lines. MAb 8G7 reacted clearly, whereas MAb 1G8 did not show any reactivity, in either Western blotting or IHC. In the IHC of the gastric cancers, the expression rates of MUC4/8G7 detected by MAb 8G7, MUC4/1G8 detected by MAb 1G8 and MUC1/DF3 detected by MAb DF3 in well differentiated types (70%, 38/54; 67%, 36/54; 52%, 28/54) were significantly higher than those in poorly differentiated types (18%, 10/55; 36%, 20/55; 13%, 7/55) (

Different Localization Patterns of Anthocyanin Species in the Pericarp of Black Rice Revealed by Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. Japonica) contains high levels of anthocyanins in the pericarp and is considered an effective health-promoting food. Several studies have identified the molecular species of anthocyanins in black rice, but information about the localization of each anthocyanin species is limited because methodologies for investigating the localization such as determining specific antibodies to anthocyanin, have not yet been developed Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is a suitable tool for investigating the localization of metabolites. In this study, we identified 7 species of anthocyanin monoglycosides and 2 species of anthocyanin diglycosides in crude extracts from black rice by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis. We also analyzed black rice sections by MALDI-IMS and found 2 additional species of anthocyanin pentosides and revealed different localization patterns of anthocyanin species composed of different sugar moieties. Anthocyanin species composed of a pentose moiety (cyanidin-3-O-pentoside and petunidin-3-O-pentoside) were localized in the entire pericarp, whereas anthocyanin species composed of a hexose moiety (cyanidin-3-O-hexoside and peonidin-3-O-hexoside) were focally localized in the dorsal pericarp. These results indicate that anthocyanin species composed of different sugar moieties exhibit different localization patterns in the pericarp of black rice. This is the first detailed investigation into the localization of molecular species of anthocyanins by MALDI-IMS

Acoustic stop bands of surface and bulk modes in two-dimensional phononic lattices consisting of aluminum and a polymer

Spatial and frequency distributions of forbidden bands of both surface and bulk acoustic waves are studied theoretically for two-dimensional (2D) periodic elastic structures consisting of aluminum and polymer. The surface is perpendicular to the 2D periodic arrays of circular cylinders embedded in a background material. The dispersion relations of the surface and bulk modes with wave vectors parallel to the surface are calculated for triangular lattices, and the stop band distributions are plotted in a form relevant to the comparison with ultrasound imaging experiments

Surface acoustic waves in two-dimensional periodic elastic structures

Acoustic waves localized at the surface of two-dimensional (2D) periodic elastic structures, or 2D phononic crystals, are studied theoretically by taking account of the elastic anisotropy of constituent materials. The surface considered is perpendicular to the axis of a periodic array of cylinders embedded in a background material. The dispersion relations of the surface modes are calculated for circular cylinders of AlAs which form a square lattice in a GaAs matrix. The folding and anisotropy of the surface wave branches, as well as the existence of pseudosurface waves, are found. The stop band distributions of the surface, pseudosurface, and bulk waves are plotted in a form relevant for comparison with ultrasound imaging experiments

Wave-front images of acoustic waves in the (100) and (001) surfaces of TeO2

Based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we study theoretically the wave-front images of acoustic waves propagating on the (100) and (001) surface of a highly anisotropic tetragonal TeO2 crystal for which imaging experiments have recently been conducted. The theoretical images well reproduce characteristic features observed experimentally. The group-velocity calculations of both surface and pseudosurface acoustic waves account for the shapes and locations of the major wave fronts obtained with the FDTD method. Additional weak wave-front structures that disappear rather quickly in time are attributed to bulk acoustic waves

Band structure of acoustic waves in phononic lattices: Two-dimensional composites with large acoustic mismatch

The finite-difference time-domain method is applied to the calculation of dispersion relations of acoustic waves in two-dimensional (2D) phononic lattices, i.e., periodic solid-solid, solid-liquid, and solid-vacuum composites, for which the conventional plane-wave-expansion method fails or converges very slowly. Numerical examples are developed for 2D structures with polyethylene, mercury, and vacuum cylinders forming a square lattice in an aluminum matrix. The implication of the calculated dispersion relations for ultrasound transmission experiments is discussed