Broad-range neutron spectra identification in ultraintense laser interactions with carbon-deuterated plasma

Copyright 2005 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 12(11), 110703, 2005 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.213184

APPLICATION DES MÉTHODES STATISTIQUES À L’ÉTUDE HYDROCHIMIQUE DES EAUX D’UN HYDROSYSTÈME TROPICAL : CAS DU BASSIN VERSANT DE LA RIVIÈRE ZIO (TOGO)

Zio River is the only perennial river of Lake Togo basin. It passes through many urban areas including capital Lomé which it receives discharges of all kinds and subjected to several human pressures. This study aims to characterize the physicochemical quality of water from the source to the river mouth, identify pollution sources and highlight the impact of human activities on these waters quality. For this purpose water samples were taken during four times at each site and Physicochemical analyzes were done in the laboratory according to AFNOR methods. The results of these analyzes were accompanied by statistical analysis. Principal Component Analysis identified parameters influenced by human activities or effluents and those related to mineralization process. Factor scores of sampling sites on the bidimensional plane (F1XF2) showed increasing pollution or disturbance gradient of sites from upstream to downstream. Physicochemical quality study reveals that sites located at upstream are good quality, record the highest levels of dissolved oxygen (6 to 14.6 mgO2 / L) and are suitable for any purpose contrary to downstream sites waters, degraded by human activities and record lower levels of dissolved oxygen (0.6mgO2/L). Piper diagram showed dominance of Ca-HCO3 water type with the presence of Na-HCO3 water type and a few Na-Cl water type

Physical routes for the synthesis of kesterite

This paper provides an overview of the physical vapor technologies used to synthesize Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films as absorber layers for photovoltaic applications. Through the years, CZT(S,Se) thin films have been fabricated using sequential stacking or co-sputtering of precursors as well as using sequential or co-evaporation of elemental sources, leading to high-efficient solar cells. In addition, pulsed laser deposition of composite targets and monograin growth by the molten salt method were developed as alternative methods for kesterite layers deposition. This review presents the growing increase of the kesterite-based solar cell efficiencies achieved over the recent years. A historical description of the main issues limiting this efficiency and of the experimental pathways designed to prevent or limit these issues is provided and discussed as well. Afinal section is dedicated to the description of promising process steps aiming at further improvements of solar cell efficiency, such as alkali doping and bandgap grading1. R Caballero and M León acknowledge financial support via the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities project (WINCOST, ENE2016-80788-C5-2-R) and thank H2020 EU Programme under the project INFINITE-CELL (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017-777968). 2. S Canulescu and J Schou acknowledge the support from Innovation Fund Denmark. 3. D-H Kim acknowledges financial support via the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT, KOREA (18-BD-05). 4.C. Malerba acknowledges the support from the Italian Ministry of Economic development in the framework of the Operating Agreement with ENEA for the Research on the Electric System. 5.A Redinger acknowledges financial support via the FNR Attract program, Project : SUNSPOT, Nr.11244141. 6. E Saucedo thanks H2020 EU Programme under the projects STARCELL (H2020-NMBP-03-2016-720907) and INFINITE-CELL (H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017-777968), the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for the IGNITE project (ENE2017-87671-C3-1-R), and the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF, FEDER Programa Competitivitat de Catalunya 2007–2013). IREC belong to the SEMS (Solar Energy Materials and Systems) Consolidated Research Group of the ‘Generalitat de Catalunya’ (Ref. 2017 SGR 862). 7. Taltech acknowledges financial support via the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research funding project IUT19-28 and the European Union Regional Development Fund, Project TK141. 8. B Vermang has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Grant Agreement No 715027

Correlation between laser accelerated MeV proton and electron beams using simple fluid model for target normal sheath acceleration

Copyright 2010 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 17(7), 073110, 2010 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345906

On the behavior of ultraintense laser produced hot electrons in self-excited fields

Copyright 2007 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 14(4), 040706, 2007 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.272230