Survey of Foreign Students in Five Finnish Universities 2005: Partial Data

Aineisto on osa lomakeaineistoa, jossa on kysytty ulkomaalaisten perustutkinto-opiskelijoiden maahanmuuton syitä, sopeutumista suomalaiseen yhteiskuntaan ja yliopistomaailmaan sekä toimeentuloa ja tulevaisuudensuunnitelmia. Aineisto on muodostettu kyselylomakkeen viimeisen kysymyksen avovastauksista, joissa vastaajat kertoivat omin sanoin kokemuksistaan ja käsityksistään, jotka ovat muodostuneet heidän opiskellessaan ja asuessaan Suomessa. Kysymysteksti on ollut "What else do you wish to say as a foreign student?". Kustakin vastaajasta kerrotaan taustatietona ikä, sukupuoli, kansallisuus, tiedekunta ja Suomessa olo vuosina. Aineisto koostuu 288 ulkomaalaisen opiskelijan kommenteista, joissa käsitellään muiden muassa näkemyksiä Suomesta, suomalaisuudesta ja suomalaisten suhtautumisesta ulkomaalaisiin. Vastaajilla on kokemuksia suomalaisten peloista ja ennakkoluuloista, mutta osa kertoo myös vuolaasti kokemastaan avuliaisuudesta ja vieraanvaraisuudesta. Erityisen paljon vastaajat kertovat yliopisto-opiskelun hyvistä ja huonoista puolista. Paljon kerrotaan myös mielipiteitä suunnitelmista kohdentaa lukukausimaksuja erityisesti ulkomaalaisille opiskelijoille. Työnhakua ja suomalaisten työmarkkinoiden toimintaa kommentoidaan myös. Kirjoitukset vaihtelevat pituudeltaan muutamasta rivistä muutamaan kymmeneen riviin. Aineisto soveltuu erityisesti kvalitatiivisten analyysimenetelmien opetuksen englanninkieliseksi harjoitusaineistoksi. Aineisto toimitetaan sekä excel- että teksti (rtf) -tiedostona. Excel-taulukon avulla aineistoa voi jakaa tarkoituksenmukaisiin kokonaisuuksiin käyttäen apuna vaikkapa vastaajien taustatietoja (ikä, sukupuoli, kansallisuus, tiedekunta ja Suomessa olo vuosina).The archived data consist of responses to an open-ended question in the Survey of Foreign Students in Five Finnish Universities 2005 (FSD2100) charting various aspects in the lives of foreign degree students in five Finnish universities. The open-ended question was "What else do you wish to say as a foreign student?" Responses covered, among others, reasons for immigrating to Finland, adjustment to Finnish society and university life, basic income and future plans. The respondents also shared their experiences and views of Finland and the Finnish society as well as fear and prejudice they had faced, but also kindness and hospitality shown to them. Some of the respondents also shared their views on employment and job-seeking in Finland, the plans to introduce tuition fees for foreign students, and quality of university studies. Background information included the respondent's age, gender, nationality, faculty and years spent in Finland. The data contain 288 responses and is especially suitable for practice material in teaching methods for qualitative analysis in English. This data is only available in English

Survey of Foreign Students in Five Finnish Universities 2005

Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin ulkomaalaisten perustutkinto-opiskelijoiden maahanmuuton syitä, sopeutumista suomalaiseen yhteiskuntaan ja yliopistomaailmaan sekä toimeentuloa ja tulevaisuudensuunnitelmia. Aluksi kysyttiin, miksi vastaajat hakeutuivat Suomeen ja valitsemaansa korkeakouluun. Korkeakouluopiskeluun liittyen kysyttiin, ovatko vastaajat tyytyväisiä opetukseen ja erilaisiin tukipalveluihin (kuten kirjastoihin, atk-palveluihin ja opiskelijaterveydenhuoltoon), saamaansa akateemiseen ohjaukseen sekä opintojensa edistymiseen. Lisäksi kysyttiin muun muuassa, miten opiskelijat ovat integroituneet Suomeen, miten he tulevat taloudellisesti toimeen, ovatko he valmiita maksamaan opinnoistaan ja suunnittelevatko he jäävänsä Suomeen valmistuttuaan. Lopuksi kysyttiin suurimpia esteitä Suomessa työllistymiselle. Taustamuuttujina olivat muun muassa ikä, sukupuoli, kansallisuus ja tutkinnot.The survey charted reasons for immigration to Finland, adjustment to Finnish society and university life, basic income and future plans among foreign degree students. First, it was studied why respondents had chosen Finland and the university in question. In relation to higher education, respondents were asked whether they were satisfied with the quality of education, various student support services (e.g. libraries and student health services), educational guidance and the progress of their studies. Respondents' integration into Finland, basic income, willingness to pay educational fees and plans to stay in Finland were queried on. Finally, respondents were asked about the biggest obstacles to their employment in Finland. Background variables included respondent's age, gender, nationality and previous degrees

Source of luminescence of water lower energy than the Cerenkov-light threshold during irradiation of carbon-ion

Although luminescence of water during irradiations of proton and carbon-ion lower energy than the Cerenkov-light threshold were found recently, the sources of the luminescence were not yet obvious. To estimate the sources of the luminescence, we measured the light spectrum of the luminescence of water during carbon-ion irradiations and estimated the sources of the luminescence. Using an ultraviolet (UV) light sensitive charge coupled device (CCD) camera, we measured the luminescence images of water during carbon-ion beam irradiations by changing optical filters, derived the light spectra of the luminescence of water and compared with the calculated results. The intensity of the measured light spectrum of the luminescence of water at the Bragg peak region was decreased as the wavelength of light proportional to ~ λ to the -2.0th power where λ is the wavelength of the light, indicating the source of the luminescence of water can be electromagnetic pulse produced by the dipole displacement inside the water molecules. In the shallow part of the water prior to the Bragg peak, where the Cerenkov-light is included, the spectrum showed steeper curve that is proportional to ~ λ to the -2.6th power, which was similar to the calculated spectrum of Cerenkov-light including the refractive index changes of water with the wavelength of light. From these results, the luminescence of water is thought to be mainly come from electromagnetic pulse produced by the dipole displacement inside the water molecules

A novel unequal error protection scheme for 3-D video transmission over cooperative MIMO-OFDM systems

Currently, there has been intensive research to drive three-dimensional (3-D) video technology over mobile devices. Most recently, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and cooperative diversity have been major candidates for the fourth-generation mobile TV systems. This article presents a novel unequal error protection (UEP) scheme for 3-D video transmission over cooperative MIMO-OFDM systems. Several 3-D video coding techniques are investigated to find the best method for 3-D video transmission over the error-prone wireless channels. View plus depth (VpD) has been found the best technique over other techniques such as simulcast coding (SC) and mixed-resolution stereo coding (MRSC) in terms of the performance. Various UEP schemes are proposed to protect the VpD signals with different importance levels. Seven video transmission schemes for VpD are proposed depending on partitioning the video packets or sending them directly with different levels of protection. An adaptive technique based on a classified group of pictures (GoP) packets according to their protection priority is adopted in the proposed UEP schemes. The adaptive method depends on dividing GoP to many packet groups (PG's). Each PG is classified to high-priority (HP) and low-priority (LP) packets. This classification depends on the current signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the wireless channels. A concatenating form of the rate-variable low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and the MIMO system based on diversity of space-time block codes (STBC) is employed for protecting the prioritized video packets unequally with different channel code rates. For channel adaptation, the switching operations between the proposed schemes are employed to achieve a tradeoff between complexity and performance of the proposed system. Finally, three protocols for 3-D video transmission are proposed to achieve high video quality at different SNRs with the lowest possible bandwidth

Crawling-induced floor dust resuspension affects the microbiota of the infant breathing zone

Abstract Background Floor dust is commonly used for microbial determinations in epidemiological studies to estimate early-life indoor microbial exposures. Resuspension of floor dust and its impact on infant microbial exposure is, however, little explored. The aim of our study was to investigate how floor dust resuspension induced by an infant’s crawling motion and an adult walking affects infant inhalation exposure to microbes. Results We conducted controlled chamber experiments with a simplified mechanical crawling infant robot and an adult volunteer walking over carpeted flooring. We applied bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR to monitor the infant breathing zone microbial content and compared that to the adult breathing zone and the carpet dust as the source. During crawling, fungal and bacterial levels were, on average, 8- to 21-fold higher in the infant breathing zone compared to measurements from the adult breathing zone. During walking experiments, the increase in microbial levels in the infant breathing zone was far less pronounced. The correlation in rank orders of microbial levels in the carpet dust and the corresponding infant breathing zone sample varied between different microbial groups but was mostly moderate. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa was characteristically distinct in carpet dust and infant and adult breathing zones during the infant crawling experiments. Bacterial diversity in carpet dust and the infant breathing zone did not correlate significantly. Conclusions The microbiota in the infant breathing zone differ in absolute quantitative and compositional terms from that of the adult breathing zone and of floor dust. Crawling induces resuspension of floor dust from carpeted flooring, creating a concentrated and localized cloud of microbial content around the infant. Thus, the microbial exposure of infants following dust resuspension is difficult to predict based on common house dust or bulk air measurements. Improved approaches for the assessment of infant microbial exposure, such as sampling at the infant breathing zone level, are needed

Crawling-induced floor dust resuspension affects the microbiota of the infant breathing zone

Abstract Background Floor dust is commonly used for microbial determinations in epidemiological studies to estimate early-life indoor microbial exposures. Resuspension of floor dust and its impact on infant microbial exposure is, however, little explored. The aim of our study was to investigate how floor dust resuspension induced by an infant’s crawling motion and an adult walking affects infant inhalation exposure to microbes. Results We conducted controlled chamber experiments with a simplified mechanical crawling infant robot and an adult volunteer walking over carpeted flooring. We applied bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR to monitor the infant breathing zone microbial content and compared that to the adult breathing zone and the carpet dust as the source. During crawling, fungal and bacterial levels were, on average, 8- to 21-fold higher in the infant breathing zone compared to measurements from the adult breathing zone. During walking experiments, the increase in microbial levels in the infant breathing zone was far less pronounced. The correlation in rank orders of microbial levels in the carpet dust and the corresponding infant breathing zone sample varied between different microbial groups but was mostly moderate. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa was characteristically distinct in carpet dust and infant and adult breathing zones during the infant crawling experiments. Bacterial diversity in carpet dust and the infant breathing zone did not correlate significantly. Conclusions The microbiota in the infant breathing zone differ in absolute quantitative and compositional terms from that of the adult breathing zone and of floor dust. Crawling induces resuspension of floor dust from carpeted flooring, creating a concentrated and localized cloud of microbial content around the infant. Thus, the microbial exposure of infants following dust resuspension is difficult to predict based on common house dust or bulk air measurements. Improved approaches for the assessment of infant microbial exposure, such as sampling at the infant breathing zone level, are needed

Metadata record for: COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak

This dataset contains key characteristics about the data described in the Data Descriptor COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey dataset on psychological and behavioural consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak. Contents: 1. human readable metadata summary table in CSV format 2. machine readable metadata file in JSON forma