Double-layer ion acceleration triggered by ion magnetization in expanding radiofrequency plasma sources

Ion energy distribution functions downstream of the source exit in magnetically expanding low-pressure plasmas are experimentally investigated for four source tube diameters ranging from about 5 to 15 cm. The magnetic-field threshold corresponding to a transition from a simple expanding plasma to a double layer-containing plasma is observed to increase with a decrease in the source tube diameter. The results demonstrate that for the four geometries, the double layer and the accelerated ion beam form when the ion Larmour radius in the source becomes smaller than the source tube radius, i.e., when the ions become magnetized in the source tube.This work is partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists A, Grant No. 22684031, Japan. Part of this work is also supported by TEPCO Research Foundation

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN BAMBOO FOREST MANAGEMENT IN KITAKYUSHU CITY

The fast growing bamboo causes problems in Kitakyushu as it is able to invade other plant areas. Bamboo forests that are growing too fast are often left without being properly cared for by landowners. This worsens the condition of the balance of the ecosystem in this bamboo forest area. In this study, an investigation was carried out on efforts to manage bamboo forests in Kitakyushu City, especially those involving the community. Efforts to manage bamboo forests are carried out by the government and the community in Kitakyushu City. The volunteers come from students and the general public. Activities carried out include providing experience for community members to cut bamboo trees, make musical instruments from bamboo and perform performances using these musical instruments. This activity instills awareness in the participants to better maintain the balance of the existence of this bamboo forest. The potential for the use of bamboo is actually very wide open, both as a musical instrument, souvenirs, cooking ingredients, construction materials, activated carbon and others. However, efforts to increase the benefit value of these products still have to be made to compete with other raw materials

COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN BAMBOO FOREST MANAGEMENT IN KITAKYUSHU CITY

The fast growing bamboo causes problems in Kitakyushu as it is able to invade other plant areas. Bamboo forests that are growing too fast are often left without being properly cared for by landowners. This worsens the condition of the balance of the ecosystem in this bamboo forest area. In this study, an investigation was carried out on efforts to manage bamboo forests in Kitakyushu City, especially those involving the community. Efforts to manage bamboo forests are carried out by the government and the community in Kitakyushu City. The volunteers come from students and the general public. Activities carried out include providing experience for community members to cut bamboo trees, make musical instruments from bamboo and perform performances using these musical instruments. This activity instills awareness in the participants to better maintain the balance of the existence of this bamboo forest. The potential for the use of bamboo is actually very wide open, both as a musical instrument, souvenirs, cooking ingredients, construction materials, activated carbon and others. However, efforts to increase the benefit value of these products still have to be made to compete with other raw materials

The risks of medical imaging: a survey of doctors' knowledge and consenting practice

Background: Diagnostic imaging forms an integral part of patient evaluation and its use has increased dramatically. Not only is medical imaging a source of increased radiation dose, but also poses other risks such as those related to the procedure performed, the contrast and drugs administered, acoustic and heat deposition and para-magnetic risks. While many studies have assessed doctors' knowledge of radiation risk, data regarding doctors' knowledge of the remaining risks of medical imaging and doctors' attitudes toward consenting practice for imaging is lacking. Aim: To survey and compare the levels of knowledge between referring clinicians and radiologists regarding the risks to patients undergoing medical imaging and to explore doctors' attitudes toward consenting practice. Method: A cross sectional, observational, descriptive study design was employed. The study was conducted using a non-validated, piloted, self-administered three-page questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed to doctors in various stages of their medical careers at a tertiary level hospital. The questionnaire was constructed in sections including demographics, risks of medical imaging and consent practice. The maximum score potentially attainable was 79, with a point given for each correct answer. No points were given for incorrect, unsure or blank responses. Results: A total of 431 questionnaires were distributed but only 85 doctors (19 radiologists and 66 clinicians) returned a completed survey, yielding a response rate of 19,7%. Older respondents with more years of experience had greater levels of knowledge regarding the risks of medical imaging. There were no significant differences according to gender or university. Although the levels of knowledge of risk was poor overall, radiologists had greater levels of knowledge (mean knowledge score expressed as a percentage =79% compared to that of clinicians= 71%). The largest proportion of doctors' (49%) were of the opinion that clinicians should be responsible for obtaining consent for medical imaging. Only 18% of doctors (radiologists and clinicians) and 5% of clinicians admitted to feeling adequately prepared to obtain consent for medical imaging. Conclusion: We successfully surveyed and compared the levels of knowledge of medical imaging risks amongst doctors and determined their attitudes toward responsibility for consent. The levels of knowledge of the risks of medical imaging is inadequate among radiologists and poor amongst non-radiologists. While statutory body guidelines recommend that the performing health care provider obtain consent, there remains varying opinion as to who should obtain consent. The largest proportion of doctors' were of the opinion that clinicians should obtain consent for medical imaging - this despite clinicians' feelings of inadequacy when consenting patients to the risks of imaging. It is therefore important to take into consideration the levels of knowledge and comfort when making decisions as to who is best suited to obtain consent for medical imaging. With the increased dependence on medical imaging as part of the diagnostic work up, awareness of the risks of medical imaging is of tantamount importance. It is essential to review educational curricula and local policies in order to improve the levels of knowledge of risks of medical imaging amongst healthcare providers, thereby ensuring improved patient safety

Institutionalization among the elderly in Japan and China: a comparative study

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HUBUNGAN KONFIGURASI RUANG DAN KARAKTERISTIK KAMPUNG WISATA (Studi Kasus: Kampung Luar Batang dan Kampung Akuarium, Jakarta Utara)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan konfigurasi ruang dan karakteristik permukiman dengan kegiatan wisata yang membentuk tatanan ruang khas sebuah kampung wisata. Kampung Luar Batang dan Kampung Akuarium, Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara, sebagai destinasi wisata budaya religi, tentunya memiliki tatanan ruang yang berbeda sehingga hal ini menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian dilakukan sejak tahun 2015 hingga tahun 2016, sebelum terjadinya penggusuran Kampung Akuarium. Variabel penelitian dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mixed methods). Konfigurasi ruang dalam penelitian ini dilihat dari konektivitas dan integrasi ruang yang dianalisis dengan space syntax, menggunakan aplikasi depthmapX.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara konfigurasi ruang dengan beberapa variabel dari karakteristik kampung wisata. Variabel atraktor, fasilitas, keberadaan akses, dan aktivitas penghuni, memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan konfigurasi ruang. Namun, variabel aktivitas pengunjung dan klasifikasi akses/jalan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan konfigurasi ruang. Selain itu, hasil space syntax juga menunjukkan bahwa ruang yang paling terintegrasi adalah area Masjid Jami Keramat Luar Batang, hal ini sesuai dengan ciri khas kampung wisata religi

On the Technical Error of the Psychotherapist

The authors present a psychotherapy case where the therapist\u27s countertransference-based technical error and his way of dealing with it remarkably influenced the course of treatment. The authors emphasize that appropriate training, including supervision and personal psychotherapy or psychoanalysis, is imperative, especially so that the beginning therapist can learn to manage countertranference appropriately. Since technical errors cannot always be avoided, it is important for the therapist to deal with them therapeutically, without feeling ashamed or guilty