Democracy in Islamic political thought

This paper surveys the growth and various phases of and influences on the concept of democracy in the Islamic political thought of the last two centuries. Among the thinkers covered in the survey are Rifa'a Tahtawi (1801-73), Khairuddin at-Tunis (1810-99), Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani (1838-97), Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905), Abdurrahman al-Kawakibi (1849-1903), Rashid Rida (1865-1935), Hasan al-Banna (1904-49), Ali Abd Ar-Raziq (1888-1966), Sayyid Qutb (1906-66), Sa'id Hawwa, and Malik Bennabi (1905-73). Reference is made to the influence of Sayyid Mawdudi (1903-79), on the thought of Sayyid Qutb. The paper traces also the bearing of Bennabi's thought on Rachid Ghannouchi and on the Islamic movements of our times

Dbase IV Applications On Bike Supply System

With the bike inventory system that uses a computer device is expected to assist in inventory and perform everyday tasks better and the preparation of regular reports and data that can generate the information required by the warehouse and the store sales.Application system using DBaseIV program can provide information on bicycle supplies to assist, expedite and facilitate the activities of stock and stock bikes in the warehouse or store inventory and sales so that the risk of error is very small

Asthma diagnosis and treatment - 1012. The efficacy of budesonide in the treatmetn of acute asthma in children: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

Background Current evidence suggests that inhaled glucocorticoids (IGC) have a more profound topical none genomic effect on bronchial airways as compared to systemic glucocorticoids. The value of adding IGC to current therapy of acute asthma is not well established. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomized, two-arm, parallel groups, controlled clinical trial to compare the addition of budesonide 1500 mcg or placebo (normal saline) to standard acute asthma treatment (albuterol and ipratropium bromide) administered in 3 divided mixed doses within 1 hour in the emergency department (ED). Children 2-12 years of age with moderate or severe acute asthma, scoring 8-15/15 on a well-validated scoring system were included. Both groups received a single dose of prednisone 2 mg/kg/day (max. 60 mg) at the beginning of therapy. The primary outcome was admission rate within 2-4 hours from starting therapy. Results A total of 723 children were enrolled in the study over 17 months duration, of whom 139 were allowed to re-enroll and be randomized to constitute 906 randomization assignments (458 on the treatment group and 448 on the control group); with baseline mean + SD asthma score of 10.63 + 1.73; age 5.52 + 2.76 years; 35% girls; 30.8% (16.5%) with baseline severe asthma score of ≥12 (≥ 13). Statistical Analysis plan allowed for the potential dependency in response due to reenrollments of a subset of children, using Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling (GLMM) techniques. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two randomized groups. Seventy-five out of 458 (16.4%) of the treatment group vs. 82/448 (18.3%) of the control group were admitted, (OR 0.85, CI: 0.59-1.23, p-value=0.39). Among the severe asthmatics with baseline score ≥13, treatment vs. placebo group, GLMM adjusted admission rate was 30% vs. 47%, indicating a 17% difference in admission rate in favor of the treatment group (adjusted OR of 0.49, CI: 0.25-0.95; p-value= 0.035) that indicated a 51% reduction in the risk of admission for the treatment vs. control group. Conclusions Children with baseline severe asthma score ≥13 who were treated with budesonide had a significant reduction in their admission rate

Deconstructing Diagnosis: Four Commentaries on a Diagnostic Tool to Assess Individuals for Autism Spectrum Disorders

This is the final version. Available on open access from Autreach Press via the link in this recordDiagnostic assessment tools are widely used instruments in research and clinical practice to assess and evaluate autism symptoms for both children and adults. These tools typically involve observing the child or adult under assessment, and rating their behaviour for signs or so-called symptoms of autism. In order to examine how autism diagnosis is constructed, how diagnostic tools are positioned, and how their trainings are delivered, we paid for four places on a training course for a diagnostic tool. We asked the attendees (the first four authors) to each produce a critical commentary about their impressions of the training and the diagnostic tool itself. Their commentaries are published here in full. They have various disciplinary backgrounds: one is a social scientist, one an ethicist, one a psychiatrist, and one a developmental psychologist. The commentaries are followed by a concluding section that summarises the themes, commonalities, and differences between their accounts of the training course. Authors differed as to whether the diagnostic tool is a useful and necessary endeavour. Nevertheless, all critiqued of the tool’s lack of transparency, recognizing context, emotion, and differences in interpretation and power imbalances as playing an unidentified role in the assessment process. Based on this project, we recommend that training for raters for such tools should be accessible to a wider group of people, and incorporate more explicit recognition of its own limitations and commercialisation.Wellcome Trus

Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Kualitas Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Laptop Merek Dell di Kota Semarang (Studi Kasus pada Konsumen Laptop Merek Dell di Kecamatan Banyumanik Kota Semarang)

Current condition of the laptop competition is very tight, so the company should make a strategy to achieve a higher market share. Laptops are one of the tool to meeting the needs of consumers in the field of technology and information. Dell is a company engaged in the information technology industry. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of brand image and product quality to the brand laptop Dell purchase decision. This type of research is explanatory research, the number of respondents are 100 peoples with purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in this study using questionnaires, interviews, and literature. The analytical method used is the validity, reliability, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, simple linear regression, t test, regression multiple linear, and F testBased on the analysis of the study variables of brand image and product quality has a positive influence on purchasing decisions. Quality variable of the products have the most impact which 56.3%. While the brand image variables have an effect of 46.7%. Taken together (simultaneously) variables brand image and product quality has a contribution of 59% of the purchase decision. In conclusion there is positive between the brand image and product quality to the Dell brand laptop purchase decision. Suggestions for improvement of purchasing decisions by improving product quality and pay more attention to deficiencies which can be obtained through consumer complaints. Besides maintaining a good brand image that is by keep in constant communication with consumers and provide a clearer information to attract the attention of consumers better

Photodegradation of 2-naphthol Using Nanocrystalline TiO2

The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of 2-naphthol has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) under a variety of conditions, which is essential from application point of view. The degradation was studied using different parameters such as types of TiO2, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration, reaction pH and in the presence of different electron acceptors such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium bromate (KBrO3) and potassium persulphate (K2S2O8) besides molecular oxygen. The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The photocatlyst ″Degussa P-25″ was found to be more efficient as compared with other photocatalysts. The results indicate the process follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type kinetics and inference is made of the reaction taking place on the semiconductor particle surface. An analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) showed that a complete mineralization of 2-naphthol can be easily achieved.The kinetics of the photocatalytic degradation of 2-naphthol has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO2) under a variety of conditions, which is essential from application point of view. The degradation was studied using different parameters such as types of TiO2, catalyst concentration, substrate concentration, reaction pH and in the presence of different electron acceptors such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium bromate (KBrO3) and potassium persulphate (K2S2O8) besides molecular oxygen. The degradation rates were found to be strongly influenced by all the above parameters. The photocatlyst ″Degussa P-25″ was found to be more efficient as compared with other photocatalysts. The results indicate the process follows Langmuir-Hinshelwood-type kinetics and inference is made of the reaction taking place on the semiconductor particle surface. An analysis of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) showed that a complete mineralization of 2-naphthol can be easily achieved

Formability of AA-7075 sheets subjected to repetitive bending under tension

The fundamental objective of this work is to study the cold formability of AA-7075_O by a testing methodology known as repetitive bending under tension. The repetitive bending under tension is a testing methodology to create a similar deformation condition to that which occurs during incremental sheet forming. In the case of repetitive bending under tension tests, the sheet metal sample is subjected to localised bending under tensile loading. This additional bending during testing is applied by sliding a set of rollers over the gauge length of the tested sample. In order to study the influence of various strain conditions at the plastic deformation zone, specimens with different geometries were investigated. In addition, samples from three different orientations of 0˚, 45˚ and 90˚ with respect to the rolling direction were tested to study the effect of mechanical anisotropy on deformation behaviour. The results confirmed a significant increase in elongation to failure in samples subjected to repetitive bending under tension as compared to those subjected to standard tensile tests under similar conditions. It is shown that this could be due to a delay in localised necking during repetitive bending under tension. Finite element analysis (FEA) has also been used to simulate the process. In agreement with the experimental finding, FEA results show that the maximum force required to deform the material is less than that required during a standard tensile test. Analysis of 3D scanning of samples that went up to fracture during repetitive bending under tension and a standard tensile test revealed that the samples undergoing the former underwent a more uniform reduction in thickness and width along the gauge length, compared to the latter. TEM observations of the microstructure confirms grain refinement in the samples subjected to repetitive bending under tension. This could be due to a strain induced dynamic recrystallisation process occurring during the test. Analysing the crystallographic texture using neutron diffraction revealed that a strong {111}//ND fibre texture had been developed during the repetitive bending under tension test. This could be due plastic shear strain introduced by repetitively bending and unbending through the sheet thickness

Pengembangan Handout Fisika Berbasis Cultural Pada Pembelajaran Ipa-fisika Di SMP

The purpose of this research was to produce of learning materials in the form of handout cultural base which valid and good category to sains(physics) learning in junior high school. The type of this research is development with 4D developt design by Thiagarajan. The method to data collection is validation, post-test, questionnaire, and documentation. The method to define simple area is a simple random sampling. Product from this research is handout with validation quality 4,2 from validators, students learning outcomes to state clear classical 75% and students have positive responds to development product with responds quality from three aspect more 50%, with 86,12% to be interested, 94,44% to simple understend statment and 98,15% statment very interest.The conclusion from this research is handout of Physics with cultural base have a good categorized and it's can to use in sains(physics) learning in junior high school