An ε -Uniform Numerical Method for a System of Convection-Diffusion Equations with Discontinuous Convection Coefficients and Source Terms

In this paper, a parameter-uniform numerical method is suggested to solve a system of singularly perturbed convection-diffusion equations with discontinuous convection coefficients and source terms subject to the Dirichlet boundary condition. The second derivative of each equation is multiplied by a distinctly small parameter, which leads to an overlap and interacting interior layer. A numerical method based on a piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh is constructed. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical results

Attitudes Toward Controlled Rest in Position (CRIP): A Gender Comparison Between Pilots and Non-Pilots

Prior studies demonstrate that controlled rest in position (CRIP) may help compensate for pilot fatigue. CRIP allows for one pilot to nap in their cockpit seat during the cruise phase of flight, provided that certain policies and procedures are followed by the other crew members during this period. The purpose of this research was to gather information from consumers and pilots on their willingness to fly if the pilots utilized CRIP. Our project employed a two-study design that manipulated both the length of the flight and the number of passengers onboard. Additionally, affect measures were collected through the use of a valid Likert scale to determine if affect had any mediating effect on the willingness to fly of participants. Study 1 was deployed to consumers while Study 2 sampled from both consumers and pilots. The findings indicated female respondents were significantly less willing to fly when CRIP was used than males, while pilots were willing to fly across all conditions. Affect was shown to be a mediating variable in all but one condition in both Study 1 and Study 2 between the types of passengers. The paper provides a discussion on these findings, identifies practical implications, and provides suggestions for future research

Routing in WSNs Powered by a Hybrid Energy Storage System through a CEAR Protocol Based on Cost Welfare and Route Score Metric

Implementing a low cost, power efficient and high performance routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an important requirement for transmitting a packet through network. In this paper we propose, a new cost and energy aware routing protocol (CEAR) that works based on the two metrics such as cost welfare metric and route score metric.A hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) framework which holds numerous banks of heterogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) components to be specific battery and a ultra-capacitor is used for providing energy to the network exhibit in the WSN for routing. The simulation results shows that our proposed routing protocol routes the packet efficiently by choosing the best path that also reduces the cost and routes the packet with reduced power consumption. The quantitative metrics in terms of packet delivery ratio of 0.93, average end to end delay of 110 secs, packet loss ratio of 0.75, average throughput attained of 250 bits/sec and efficiency of 98-99.9% overpowers the performance of our proposed work

Elevated Levels of the Polo Kinase Cdc5 Override the Mec1/ATR Checkpoint in Budding Yeast by Acting at Different Steps of the Signaling Pathway

Checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that constitute a barrier to oncogenesis by preserving genome integrity. Loss of checkpoint function is an early event in tumorigenesis. Polo kinases (Plks) are fundamental regulators of cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and are frequently overexpressed in tumors. Through their polo box domain, Plks target multiple substrates previously phosphorylated by CDKs and MAPKs. In response to DNA damage, Plks are temporally inhibited in order to maintain the checkpoint-dependent cell cycle block while their activity is required to silence the checkpoint response and resume cell cycle progression. Here, we report that, in budding yeast, overproduction of the Cdc5 polo kinase overrides the checkpoint signaling induced by double strand DNA breaks (DSBs), preventing the phosphorylation of several Mec1/ATR targets, including Ddc2/ATRIP, the checkpoint mediator Rad9, and the transducer kinase Rad53/CHK2. We also show that high levels of Cdc5 slow down DSB processing in a Rad9-dependent manner, but do not prevent the binding of checkpoint factors to a single DSB. Finally, we provide evidence that Sae2, the functional ortholog of human CtIP, which regulates DSB processing and inhibits checkpoint signaling, is regulated by Cdc5. We propose that Cdc5 interferes with the checkpoint response to DSBs acting at multiple levels in the signal transduction pathway and at an early step required to resect DSB ends

General anaesthetic and airway management practice for obstetric surgery in England: a prospective, multi-centre observational study

There are no current descriptions of general anaesthesia characteristics for obstetric surgery, despite recent changes to patient baseline characteristics and airway management guidelines. This analysis of data from the direct reporting of awareness in maternity patients' (DREAMY) study of accidental awareness during obstetric anaesthesia aimed to describe practice for obstetric general anaesthesia in England and compare with earlier surveys and best-practice recommendations. Consenting patients who received general anaesthesia for obstetric surgery in 72 hospitals from May 2017 to August 2018 were included. Baseline characteristics, airway management, anaesthetic techniques and major complications were collected. Descriptive analysis, binary logistic regression modelling and comparisons with earlier data were conducted. Data were collected from 3117 procedures, including 2554 (81.9%) caesarean deliveries. Thiopental was the induction drug in 1649 (52.9%) patients, compared with propofol in 1419 (45.5%). Suxamethonium was the neuromuscular blocking drug for tracheal intubation in 2631 (86.1%), compared with rocuronium in 367 (11.8%). Difficult tracheal intubation was reported in 1 in 19 (95%CI 1 in 16-22) and failed intubation in 1 in 312 (95%CI 1 in 169-667). Obese patients were over-represented compared with national baselines and associated with difficult, but not failed intubation. There was more evidence of change in practice for induction drugs (increased use of propofol) than neuromuscular blocking drugs (suxamethonium remains the most popular). There was evidence of improvement in practice, with increased monitoring and reversal of neuromuscular blockade (although this remains suboptimal). Despite a high risk of difficult intubation in this population, videolaryngoscopy was rarely used (1.9%)

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)

ABSTRACT Information and communications technology usually abbreviated as ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers, middleware as well as necessary software, storage-and audio-visual systems, which enable users to create, access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telecommunication, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997 in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000. The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audiovisual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or lin

The behavior of carboxy methyl cellulose at the planar Cd/Cd(OH)2 electrode interface

The anodic oxidation of cadmium in alkaline solution was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and A.C. impedance techniques. Addition of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) to the electrolyte produced a marked increase in the area available for the reaction. Impedance measurements indicated a decrease in the charge transfer resistance and an increase in the double layer capacity in the presence of CM

Comparative Study on Numerical Methods for Singularly Perturbed Advanced-Delay Differential Equations

In this paper, we consider a class of singularly perturbed advanced-delay differential equations of convection-diffusion type. We use finite and hybrid difference schemes to solve the problem on piecewise Shishkin mesh. We have established almost first- and second-order convergence with respect to finite difference and hybrid difference methods. An error estimate is derived with the discrete norm. In the end, numerical examples are given to show the advantages of the proposed results (Mathematics Subject Classification: 65L11, 65L12, and 65L20)