Indirect Reference Intervals Estimated from Hospitalized Population for Thyrotropin and Free Thyroxine

Aim To establish indirect reference intervals from patient results obtained during routine laboratory work as an alternative to laborious and expensive producing of their own reference range values according to international instructions. Methods All results for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) that were stored in our laboratory information system between 2004 and 2008 were included in this study. After a logarithmic transformation of the raw data, outliers were excluded. Non-parametric reference intervals were estimated statistically after visual observation of the distribution using stem-and-leaf plots and histograms. A standard normal deviation test was performed to test the significance of differences between sub-groups. Results There was no significant difference in serum TSH or free T4 concentrations between male and female participants. Because no differences were found within the time span of the study, combined reference intervals were calculated. Indirect reference values were 0.43-3.93 mU/L for TSH and 11.98-21.33 pmol/L for free T4. Conclusion Using patient laboratory data values is a relatively easy and cheap method of establishing laboratoryspecific reference values if skewness and kurtosis of the distribution are not too large

Fluoroscopic visualization of 4+5 extensor compartmental arteries in Kienböck's Disease

Background: Many surgical treatment methods have been presented for Kienböck's disease. The most current treatment method is the surgical procedure with 4+5 extensor compartmental artery (ECA) bone graft. However, the graft harvest site is very close to the radioulnar and radiocarpal joints.Objectives: This study aimed at determining the efficacy of intraoperative fluoroscopy evaluation of 4+5 ECA.Methods: Intraoperative fluoroscopic visualization of the 4+5 ECA may facilitate the surgical procedure. Patients with lunate avascular necrosis at stage II-IIIA according to Lichtman classification who underwent 4+5 ECA bone graft were included in the study. A total of 13 patients (3 females, 10 males) participated in the study.Results: The mean follow-up period of the patients was 15 months. In all patients, 4+5 ECA localizations were determined fluoroscopically. None of the patients experienced complications related to graft harvest.Conclusion: Locating the intraoperative fluoroscopic 4+5 ECA may make the surgical procedure safer

The efficacy of cinacalcet in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

WOS: 000393291900012OBJECTIVE: Cinacalcet reduces parathyroid hormone levels by increasing the sensitivity of the parathyroid gland to calcium. in this study, we firstly aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cinacalcet in Turkish hemodialysis patients. MATERIAL and METHODS: 4483 hemodialysis patients were screened and 469 patients who had used cinacalcet were included in the study. the patients were divided into 4 groups according to drug usage durations (Group 1: 3 months, Group 2: 6 months, Group 3: 9 months and Group 4: 12 months). the patients' Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP levels at the 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months were compared to the start of treatment and previous months. RESULTS: the levels of Parathormone, Ca, P and CaxP significantly decreased compared to their initial levels in all groups (from 1412 pg/ml to 1222 pg/mL for Parathormone, p< 0,001) in the 3rd month. However, this reduction was not continued in the subsequent months (Parathormone: 1381 pg/ml for the 12th month). CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet may not provide adequate benefit in control of hyperparathyroidism in Turkish hemodialysis patient population

Types and use of feedback ın writing education

Yazma bir hamlede başlayıp biten bir eylem değildir. Yazma süreci; hazırlık, plan yapma, taslak oluşturma, düzeltme paylaşma aşamalarından oluşur. İyi bir metin yazmak için düzeltme aşamasında çoğu zaman bir metni birkaç kez gözden geçirmek gerekir. İnsanlar kendi yazdıkları metinlerdeki hatalarını belirlemekte güçlük çekebilir. Bu bakımdan yazma eğitiminde okur/öğretmen geri bildirimi yazma kalitesini etkileyen önemli bir etkendir. Bu çalışmada yazma eğitiminde kullanılan geri bildirimler sınıflandırılmış, açıklanmış ve örneklendirilmiş, avantaj ve dezavantajlarıyla değerlendirilmiştir. Yazma eğitiminde geri bildirimler bakış açısına göre farklı şekillerde sınıflandırılabilmektedir. Metni değerlendiren kişi açısından geri bildirimler öğretmen ve akran geri bildirimi olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. İletişim biçimi açısından ise yazılı ve sözlü geri bildirim olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Diğer geri bildirim türleri ise şöyledir: Övgü ve yergi bildiren geri bildirimler, değerlendirenin tutumuna göre yapıcı, yansız ve yıkıcı geri bildirimler; özgül ve genel geri bildirimler; biçime ve içeriğe yönelik geri bildirimler; açık ve muğlak geri bildirimler; metin içi ve metin dışı geri bildirimler.Writing is not an action that starts and ends at one fell swoop. The writing process consist of preparation, planning, drafting, revising and sharing. It is often necessary to revise a text a few times for writing a good text. People may have difficulty in defining the errors in the texts they have written by themselves. In this respect, reader / teacher feedback is an important factor identifying writing quality in writing education. In this study, feedback used in writing was categorized, described, exemplified, and it was assessed in terms of its pros and cons. Feedback in writing education can be classified in different ways from the point of view. Feedback is divided into two as teacher and peer feedback from the viewpoint of the person studying the text. Whereas it is divided into two as verbal and written feedback with regard to the way of communication. Other types of feedback are as follows: complimentary and critical feedback; constructive, neutral and destructive feedback according to the evaluator's attitude; intrinsic and extrinsic feedback; form-oriented and content-oriented feedback; clear and ambiguous feedback; intratextual and extratextual feedback

Diazinonun parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)’nin antioksidan enzimleri ve ergin birey çıkışına etkileri

Organofosforlu bir insektisitin Pimpla turionellae’nin antioksidan enzim aktivitelerine ve toplam ve dişi birey çıkışına olan etkileri 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 ve 0.75 ppm diazinon içeren sentetik besin kullanılarak araştırıldı. Subletal diazinon konsantrasyonları, antioksidan enzim aktivitelerini belirlemek için 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saat süreyle, ergin birey çıkışını belirlemek için ise 31 gün boyunca P. turionellae’ya verildi. P. turionellae insektisit stresi altında diazinonun dozuna ve maruz kalma süresine bağlı olarak farklı tepkiler gösterdi. Diazinon özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonlarda (0.50 ve 0.75 ppm) SOD aktivitesinin kontrole göre önemli ölçüde artmasına neden oldu. Bununla beraber CAT aktivitesinde düzensiz artışlara neden oldu. Çalışmadaki önemli bir bulgu, CAT aktivitesi hiçbir konsantrasyonda kontrol seviyesinin altına düşmedi. Toplam ergin ve dişi çıkışı diazinondan önemli ölçüde etkilenerek azaldı. Sonuç olarak, SOD’nin P. turionellae’de diazinon toksisitesine karşı çok önemli bir koruyucu rol oynadığı ve diazinonun toplam ve dişi birey çıkışını önemli ölçüde azalttığı belirlendi.In this study, the effects of the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon on antioxidant enzyme activities, and female and total adult emergence ratios of Pimpla turionellae L., were investigated when using a synthetic diet containing 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 ppm of the insecticide. Sublethal concentrations of diazinon were supplied to P. turionellae for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours for enzyme activity and thirty days for determining emergence ratios. P. turionellae gave different antioxidant responses to insecticidal stress, depending on the concentrations and diazinon exposure time. When compared to the control and especially in high concentrations (0.50 and 0.75 ppm), diazinon increased SOD activity. Although diazinon also caused increases in CAT activity, these increases were not consistent.This study found that the CAT activity didn't fall below the control level. Diazinon significantly reduced female and total adult emergence of P. turionellae and SOD played a more significant protective role against diazinon toxicity