Transporte de particulas em leitos fluidizados

Orientador: João Alexandre F. Rocha PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de CampinasResumo: O trabalho descrito na presente tese tem como primeiro objetivo correlacionar o transporte de partículas em leitos fluidizados quando são utilizadas elevadas velocidades de gás. Estuda-se o efeito da velocidade do gás e do espaço de separação ("FREEBOARD") na taxa de partículas transportadas. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem distinguir elutriação do transporte por ejeção de partículas na região de separação. Estes resultados mostram que, a baixas velocidades de fluidização, as partículas transportadas seguem uma lei de distribuição do tipo gama. Em altas velocidades de fluidização, as partículas transportadas seguem a mesma distribuição do leito de partículas, aproximadamente uma distribuição do tipo normal truncada ¿Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital.Abstract: The work described in the present thesis first attempts to correlate the transport of particles in fluidized beds when high gas velocities are used. The effect of gas velocities and Freeboard height upon rate of particle transport is studied. The results permit to distinguish between elutriation and transport due to ejection of particles in the Freeboard region. It was found that the transported particles follows the gamma distribution at low gas velocities, and at high gas velocities it follows the same distributions as the bed particles, approximately the truncated Gauss distribution ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations.MestradoMestre em Engenharia Químic

Purification processes and market potential of bromelain in Brazil

Bromelain is the denomination given to the group of endoproteases obtained from members of Bromeliacea family. These enzymes have a wide range of proven applications and have been an object of study for worldwide researchers for decades. Over the years, several different downstream processes were studied in order to determine which technique would be worthwhile to be implemented in Brazil and provide the national market with such product. The objective of the present study is to relate the main studies in Brazil that has proven that bromelain purification can be cost-effective, in addition to the well-known benefits owned by such enzymes, and highlight the applications that create their market potential in the Brazilian market8882888CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãoThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of FAPESP (São Paulo Research Fundation), PROPP-UFU (Dean of Research and Graduate Studies at the Federal University of Uberlândia) and CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

The effect of pH on bromelain partition from Ananas comosus by PEG4000/phosphate ATPS

In this work, the thermodynamic equilibrium and applying of PEG4000/Phosphate ATPS on the purification of bromelain extracted from pineapple was studied. A rigorous study of the equilibrium curves and tie-line length from PEG4000/phosphate ATPS were done for the pH 6-11 at 25ºC. Results showed that there was augment in the PEG and salt contents with the high pH value from PEG4000/Phosphate ATPS and two-phase formation needed only increasing the PEG content. Two tie-line length at pH 11 from PEG4000/Phosphate ATPS were optimal condition for bromelain purification, one on composition of 14% PEG and 13% salt and other at 12.6% PEG and 12.2% salt, while a 25-62 folds of enzyme was found. SDS-PAGE electrophoreses had one band only, which showed that bromelain was purified. Optimum conditions of bromelain use were found at pH 7 and between 30-40ºC.125132Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Purification of bromelain enzyme from Curauá (Ananaserectifolius LB Smith) white variety, by aqueous two-phase system PEG 4000/potassium phosphate

The Curauá (Ananaserectifolius LB Smith) is a species belonging to the family Bromeliaceae. Occurs in the states of Para, Amazonas, Amapá, Acre, Mato Grosso and Goiás, has two varieties, purple and white, and its fibers are used in automotive and textile industries due to its strength, softness and lightweight. Currently, only the fiber is used in industry, the rest is considered waste. However, this residue contains compounds with important properties to be discovered and studied. An enzyme complex found in this residue is bromelain, a group of proteolysis’ enzymes with application in several areas such as in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries. Today, its use is aiming the pharmaceutical industry, the production of ointments, gels, creams and lotions because they offer a wide range of therapeutic efficacies: antiedemas, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and fibrinolytic activities. This work studied the enzyme purification and recovery presented in the leaves of Curauá by means of an ATPS (aqueous two-phase system) PEG 4000/potassium phosphate. The protein content was measured by Bradford reagent and the enzymatic activity was measured by the Biuret reagent. Batch assays were performed aiming the enzyme extraction and recuperation, using the partition coefficient as indicator. It was used pH 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0, varying the proportional composition between the polymeric and the saline phases (tie-lines). The white variety of Curauá was used. The best purification factor was 4.53 and about 113.04 µg/mL of total protein measured by Bradford8395399CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçã

Neural modeling of bromelain extraction by reversed micelles

A pulsed-cap microcolumn was used for bromelain extraction from pineapple juice by reversed micelles. The cationic micellar solution used BDBAC as the surfactant, isooctane as the solvent and hexanol as the co-solvent. In order to capture the dynamic behavior and the nonlinearities of the column, the operating conditions were modified in accordance with the central composite design for the experiment, using the ratio between the light phase flow rate and the total flow rate, and the time interval between pulses. The effects on the purification factor and on total protein yield were modeled via neural networks. The best topology was defined as 16-9-2, and the input layer was a moving window of the independent variables. The neural model successfully predicted both the purification factor and the total protein yield from historical data. At the optimal operating point, a purification factor of 4.96 and a productivity of 1.29 mL/min were obtained.Uma micro-coluna com campânulas pulsantes foi utilizada para a extração de bromelina a partir de suco de abacaxi, usando micelas reversas. A solução catiônica micelar foi composta do surfactante BDBAC, do solvente iso-octano e do co-solvente hexanol. Seguindo um planejamento experimental, perturbações foram impostas à coluna de extração com o objetivo de capturar seu comportamento dinâmico e suas não-linearidades, usando a razão entre a vazão da fase leve e vazão total, e o intervalo de tempo entre os pulsos. Os efeitos das variáveis independentes sobre o fator de purificação e sobre o rendimento em proteínas totais foram modelados via redes neurais artificiais. A melhor topologia de rede obtida foi definida como 16-9-2, usando um esquema de janela móvel no tempo das variáveis independentes. O modelo neural obtido do histórico do processo se mostrou adequado para predizer simultaneamente o fator de purificação e o rendimento do processo em proteínas totais. No ponto ótimo de operação, foi encontrado um fator de purificação de 4.96, com produtividade de 1.29 mL/min.455463Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Isolation and purification of bromelain from waste peel of pineapple for therapeutic application

The aim of this work was to isolate and purify bromelain extracted from the pineapple peel by ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80%), followed by desalting and freeze-drying with a 75% activity recovery and 2.2 fold increased specific activity. Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose was able to separate the polysaccharides from the enzyme, which was recovered in the elution step, maintaining its enzymatic activity. The batch adsorption of bromelain was evaluated in terms of total protein and enzymatic activity using Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models. Results showed that the process could be suitable for the recovery and purification of the enzyme, maintaining its specific activity.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Engenharia QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da TerraUniversidade Federal de Uberlândia Instituto de Genética e BioquímicaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Faculdade de Ciências MédicasUNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências Exatas e da TerraSciEL

Extraction of corn colorants (Zea mays L.)

Natural colorants were craftly made and widely used before the discovery of the synthetic colorants. The study and the use of natural colorants have become important again in the last few years due to questions raised by the international health organizations and consumers related to the indiscriminate use of synthetic colorants which were linked to the development of degenerative illnesses and environmental impact. The colorant extracted from purple corn (Zea Mays L.) was used by the Inca civilization to prepare food and to dye textile fibers. In this work, pigments from the anthocyanin group were extracted from purple corn and red corn (Zea Mays L.) varieties and were later characterized. Three extraction methods were used: immersion, lixiviation with some changes, and supercritical extraction (ESC). The best method of extraction was lixiviation, which reached 88% (m/m) of performance as a function of the mass of colorant extracted and of the raw materials. Also using the modified lixiviation it was possible to concentrate the acylate compounds in 3% as well as to recover 85% of solvent used. A pH indicator was obtained by fixing the anthocyanins on a filter paper based on anthocyanins stabilization. This technique can be utilized in laboratory chemistry lessons.Os corantes naturais foram amplamente utilizados de forma artesanal até antes do surgimento dos corantes sintéticos. O estudo e uso dos corantes naturais voltaram a ter importância nestes últimos anos devido aos questionamentos dos organismos internacionais da saúde e dos consumidores pelo uso indiscriminado dos corantes sintéticos, ligados ao desenvolvimento de doenças degenerativas e ao impacto ambiental. O corante extraído do milho roxo (Zea mays L.) tem sido utilizado ao longo da história pela civilização Inca na preparação de alimentos e no tingimento de fibras têxteis. Neste trabalho, os pigmentos do grupo das antocianinas foram extraídos das variedades de milho roxo e do milho vermelho (Z. mays L.) e depois foram caracterizados. Três métodos de extração foram utilizados: imersão, lixiviação com algumas modificações e extração supercrítica (ESC). O melhor método para extração foi o da lixiviação que alcançou 88% (m/m) de rendimento, em função da massa do corante extraído e da matéria-prima. Também utilizando a lixiviação modificada, foi possível concentrar em 3% os compostos acilados, assim como recuperar 85% dos solventes utilizados. Um indicador de pH foi obtido pela fixação das antocianinas num papel de filtro, com base na estabilidade das antocianinas, ferramenta que pode ser utilizada em laboratórios de ensino de química.6269Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Isolation and purification of bromelain from waste peel of pineapple for therapeutic application

The aim of this work was to isolate and purify bromelain extracted from the pineapple peel by ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80%), followed by desalting and freeze-drying with a 75% activity recovery and 2.2 fold increased specific activity. Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose was able to separate the polysaccharides from the enzyme, which was recovered in the elution step, maintaining its enzymatic activity. The batch adsorption of bromelain was evaluated in terms of total protein and enzymatic activity using Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich models. Results showed that the process could be suitable for the recovery and purification of the enzyme, maintaining its specific activity.971979Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Sensorial Analysis of Wines from Malpighia glabra L. Pulp

This work aimed to make the sensorial analysis of Barbados cherry (Malpighia glabra L.) wines. A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate the effect of soluble solids (°Brix) and the concentration of fruit pulp on sensorial quality attributes (color, flavor and aroma) of wines; which were measured on hedonic scale, to obtain the best condition for manufacturing wine from Barbados cherry. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast was used for fermentation. Results showed that Barbados cherry wines were suave, sweet and with 11°GL of alcohol concentration. Flavor and color of wines were characteristic of acerola fresh fruit. The t Student test showed that did not present any significant difference among the wines in both these sensorial attributes. Increasing the initial °Brix of must, the wine obtained had better acceptance and there was no effect of pulp mass on sensorial attributes studied. Sensorial analysis revealed that the best Barbados cherry wine was obtained for a must with composition of 22 g/L of sugar and 1 kg of Barbados cherry pulp for each 6 liter of wine. This work supports the usage of acerola for obtaining high quality wines which possess pleasing aroma and shiny red color