Micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus in Cameroon: risk factors and effect of diabetic check-up - a monocentric observational study

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of vascular complications among diabetes patients (DP), to find out the relationship with risk factors and to assess the effect of diabetic check-up (DC) in the onset of these complications. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data of DP followed between 2000 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Those with at least one DC were selected (140 out of 538). Risk factors were checked and listed. Prospectively, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for 121 of them. Results: The sample was constituted of 78 (56%) men and 62 (44%) females; mean age was 55 ± 12 years. Type 2 Diabetes accounted for 94.3%. Microangiopathy distribution was: retinopathy = 23.6%, nephropathy = 25% and neuropathy = 40%. Within macroangiopathy prevalence was: 5% for stroke, 17.1% for limbs ischemic disease and 23.6% for coronary heart disease. Occurrence of complications was associated with hypertension, duration of diabetes, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, 24-hour proteinuria, body mass index and HbA1c. Diabetic neuropathy was neither associated to HbA1c nor microalbuminuria. HbA1c was conversely but not significantly associated with the number of DC realized. Conclusion: Vascular complications are considerably present in diabetes patients in the studied center, especially among those practicing less glycemic controls. Normalizing the level of HbA1c, controlling risk factors, and realizing DC may prevent the onset of vascular complications in DP.Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Microangiopathy, Macroangiopathy, HbA1c, Diabetic check-up, Cameroo

A Model for Targeting Colon Carcinoma Cells Using Single-Chain Variable Fragments Anchored on Virus-Like Particles via Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol Anchor

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Hyperuricemia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study of Japanese-Brazilians

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and associated risk factors among Japanese-Brazilians. We obtained data on demographic, health history, food intake, and laboratory variables. Chi-square and prevalence ratios were used as measures of association. 35.3% of the subjects presented hyperuricemia, which was more frequent in smokers, males, age > 55 years, with co-morbidities, individuals on uric acid-increasing medication, serum creatinine > 1.4mg/dL, high alcohol consumption, and low consumption of milk and dairy products. In the multivariate analysis, the associations remained significant with gender, overweight, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and use of specific drugs. Among males, low intake of saturated fat was associated with hyperuricemia. Individuals with hypertension showed a negative association with dairy product consumption. The high hyperuricemia prevalence suggests that changes in nutritional profile and control of associated co-morbidities could help minimize occurrence of this condition