Névmagyarosítás, személy- és földrajzi nevek az élclapokban a tiszaeszlári vérvád időszakában (1882–1883)

The paper analyses names that appeared in the pictures and in the texts of the humour magazines (a popular press genre of the era) published in the period immediately after the Tiszaeszlár Affair and the verdict of the Nyíregyháza court (from 28 May/4 June 1882 to 31 December 1883). Names were collected from the humour magazine Borsszem Jankó [‘Tom Thumb’], edited by Adolf Ágai, which aimed to convince its readers about the absurdity of the blood libel; and from Bolond Istók [‘Istók, the Fool’], edited by Lajos Bartók and Üstökös [‘The Comet’], edited by Endre Szabó, two anti-Semitic humour magazines. The author discusses how the magazines comment on name changes; the names of Israelite characters; German-sounding Jewish family names (several of which can be connected to the names of persons involved in the Nyíregyháza case), and how the names of the Israelites accused were the sources of humour and irony. It is noteworthy that the humour magazine authors referred to the persons involved with bynames, while also using fictitious toponyms. The volumes examined in the paper are not of interest for the sole reason that the adoption of Hungarian family names is a frequent topic in them, but also because names are the primarily source of humour and irony in the texts and caricatures. This was not typical of visual representations in the periods (the 1860s and the 1890s) discussed in previous studies by the same author

Politikai állatsereglet a Borsszem Jankó hasábjain

La représentation visuelle du corps, la déformation des traits des visages pour exprimer l’humour et l’ironie, sont des armes importantes pour les journaux humoristiques de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle. –indépendamment de leur tendance politique. Les décennies 1850 et 1860 sont plutôt caractérisées par le changement des traits du visage humain, tandis qu’à la fin du siècle les dessinateurs caricaturaient non seulement les traits du visage des hommes politiques, mais représentaient aussi ceux-ci comme des animaux. L’application du procédé prend deux formes: le député se présente sous une forme mi-animal mi-homme, facile à identifier par les traits de son visage, ou bien sous la forme purement animale. Cette présentation renvoie à des traditions antiques, l’objectif étant celui de rendre les qualités humaines perceptibles pour les lecteurs. Le rédacteur attire l’attention sur l’importance de la culture classique, nécessaire à la compréhension des caricatures fondées sur les fables de l’Antiquité. Dans mon étude, je voudrais présenter les différentes méthodes de caricature utilisées dans le journal humoristique populaire de l’époque Borsszem Jankó . Dans cet organe proche du parti gouvernemental des années 1890, les dessinateurs emploient la caricature du corps humain et sa transformation en animal, comme moyen de susciter l’humour et l’ironie s’agissant des personnalités de l’élite politique: non seulement l’élite politique hongroise, mais aussi celle relevant du mouvement des nationalités. J’examine plus particulièrement les moyens de représentation différenciés dans ces deux cas: l’analyse montre une différence de représentation sensible entre les membres de l’élite hongroise ou des mouvements des nationalités. Les députés hongrois en premier lieu ceux de l’opposition, par leur traits extérieurs ou intérieurs supposés ou par une ressemblance quelconque peuvent être figurés sous le masque de l’animal. Mais s’agissant des représentants des mouvements des nationalités non-hongroises, les dessins des caricaturistes renvoient non pas à un personnage déterminé, mais à des groupes entiers faisant partie des minorités

Nemzetiségi szereplők neveinek összehasonlító elemzése bécsi és magyar élclapokban

Comparative analysis of names for characters from national minorities occurring in Viennese and Hungarian humour magazines     The paper compares the personal names appearing in the Viennese humour magazine Figaro and those occurring in some Hungarian humour magazines (Borsszem Jankó [‘Tom Thumb’], Az Üstökös [‘The Comet’]), all published in the 1860s and the 1890s, with the aim of detecting whether surnames and Christian names considered typical of minority groups were identical or different on this and on the other side of the river Lajta. The results show that whilst the Czech and Jewish names quoted in the magazines in the 1860s were rather similar in Vienna and in Pest, in the issues from the end of the 19th century differences were more marked in both the number and the meanings of minority names

Zsidó személynevek és névmagyarosítás a 19. század végi magyar élclapokban

Jewish personal names and the adoption of Hungarian family names in the late 19th-century Hungarian humour magazines     This paper examines the Jewish personal names found in the 1898 volume of the antisemitic humour magazine entitled Herkó Páter [‘Father Herkó’], and presents contemporary judgements about the adoption of Hungarian family names. In the investigation, the author compares her previous observations based on relevant name stocks gained from two non-antisemitic humour magazines (Borsszem Jankó [‘Tom Thumb’] and Üstökös [‘The Comet’]) with the results of her present enquiry into Israelite names. The author points out certain similarities in the naming strategies adopted in the antisemitic and non-antisemitic humour magazines: individual names of biblical origin, family names of similar types, and identical elements in names are observed in both types of magazines. However, some characteristic differences are also demonstrated: in Herkó Páter, there are fewer multi-element family names and surnames containing Yiddish-German elements; telling names – often having scornful meanings in the other two magazines – appear less frequently, and so family names used in Herkó Páter usually sound much less offensive. At the same time, the attitude towards the adoption of Hungarian family names in Herkó Páter – in contrast with the judgement expressed in the above mentioned other magazines – is undoubtedly negative

Magyar élclapok nem magyar nemzetiségű szereplőinek nevei a 19. század második felében

Names of characters of non-Hungarian nationality occurring in Hungarian humour magazines in the second half of the 19th century This study examines whether the family names of characters of non-Hungarian nationality appearing in humour magazines of the 1860s and 1890s bear some resemblance to real-life family names of the era occurring in official registers. Relevant data were collected from two popular contemporary humour magazines, entitled “Üstökös” and “Borsszem Jankó”. The collected family names tend to inform us about the social status as well as the nationality of the indicated characters; thus, family names as ethnic symbols can clearly differentiate Hungarian and non-Hungarian figures in the magazines. By comparing the name stocks of the two observed periods, one can deduce that in the 1860s Jewish names were not dominant in these papers; in the 1890s, however, most non-Hungarian names were Jewish, which resulted in a reduced name stock: the names of the non-Jewish characters appeared less frequently and in fewer variations than in the 1860s. The author also discusses how the process of Magyarization of family names was reflected in the magazines

Three-player polaritons: nonadiabatic fingerprints in an entangled atom-molecule-photon system

A quantum system composed of a molecule and an atomic ensemble, confined in a microscopic cavity, is investigated theoretically. The indirect coupling between atoms and the molecule, realized by their interaction with the cavity radiation mode, leads to a coherent mixing of atomic and molecular states, and at strong enough cavity field strengths hybrid atom-molecule-photon polaritons are formed. It is shown for the Na$_2$ molecule that by changing the cavity wavelength and the atomic transition frequency, the potential energy landscape of the polaritonic states and the corresponding spectrum could be changed significantly. Moreover, an unforeseen intensity borrowing effect, which can be seen as a strong nonadiabatic fingerprint, is identified in the atomic transition peak, originating from the contamination of the atomic excited state with excited molecular rovibronic states

Robust field-dressed spectra of diatomics in an optical lattice

The absorption spectra of the cold Na2 molecule dressed by a linearly polarized standing laser wave is investigated. In the studied scenario the rotational motion of the molecules is frozen while the vibrational and translational degrees of freedom are accounted for as dynamical variables. In such a situation a light-induced conical intersection (LICI) can be formed. To measure the spectra a weak field is used whose propagation direction is perpendicular to the direction of the dressing field but has identical polarization direction. Although LICIs are present in our model, the simulations demonstrate a very robust absorption spectrum, which is insensitive to the intensity and the wavelength of the dressing field and which does not reflect clear signatures of light-induced nonadiabatic phenomena related to the strong mixing between the electronic, vibration and translational motions. However, by widening artificially the very narrow translational energy level gaps, the fingerprint of the LICI appears to some extent in the spectrum