An institution based cross-sectional study on medical rehabilitation of deaf and dumb children in Ahmedabad

Background: Hearing loss continues to be one of the most common birth defects in the world. But recent technological advances allow for identification of hearing loss soon after birth and management with various hearing aids. Present study gives baseline information on use and impact of hearing aids in deaf and dumb children.Methods: It was an institution based cross-sectional study covering 687 children from 3 deaf and dumb institutes in Ahmedabad. Pre-design proforma was used to collect information on their grades of hearing loss, use of hearing aid, cochlear implant, etc. Data was analysed in Epi-info 7.Results: Out of Total 687 deaf and dumb children there were 415 (60.41%) boys and 272 (39.59%) girls. All children had gone through audiometry. 513 (74.67%) children were visiting ENT specialist at regular interval. Most of the children 610 (95.61%) uses hearing aid machines and few of them 49 (7.44%) gone for cochlear implants. 549 (97.86%) children improved their skill after use of hearing aid.Conclusion: Use of hearing aid improves attention and confidence among deaf children. Regular follow up is also necessary in these children. Collective efforts from government, ENT specialists and community are much needed for rehabilitation of deaf and dumb children.

IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA (STUDI DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 2 PERUMNAS WAY HALIM BANDAR LAMPUNG)

ABSTRAK Aspek yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam pendidikan yakni kurikulum dalam pendidikan. Kurikulum dalam pendidikan memiliki peran yang sangat besar dalam menentukan majunya suatu pendidikan, mulai dari ranah konsep hingga aplikasi atau praktek dilapangan. Karena kurikulum memiliki peran sebagai rencana dan pengaturan mengenai isi dan bahan ajar serta pedoman cara penyelenggaraan pendidikan yang baik. Dunia pendidikan harus adaptif, memiliki fondasi yang kokoh untuk merespon tuntutan jaman. Ide brilian Menteri Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia (Mendkbutristek RI), Nadiem Anwar Makarim, tentang Merdeka Belajar menjawab tantangan globalisasi ini. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara kepada kepala SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim sudah mengimplementasikan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di kelas I dan kelas IV tahun pelajaran 2022/2023. Dalam penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim melaksanakan kurikulum merdeka jalur mandiri dengan pilihan mandiri belajar. Berdasarkan keunggulan kurikulum merdeka seperti yang disebutkan oleh Nadiem Anwar Makarim, hal tersebutlah yang membuat sekolah tertarik untuk menerapkan kurikulum merdeka melalui jalur mandiri sebagai peningkatan mutu pendidikan. Pendidik memiliki peran yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah. Dalam upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dengan cara mengembangkan merdeka belajar. Merdeka belajar memberikan peluang bagi pendidik untuk bebas berinovasi untuk belajar secara mandiri dan kreatif sehinggga dapat mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka dan kesulitan atau hambatan apa yang dihadapi dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka di SD Negeri 2 Perumnas Way Halim. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi kurikulum merdeka di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka dan kesulitan atau kendala yang dihadapi dalam iii mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain penelitian studi kasus, penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim Bandar Lampung. Sumber data dari penelitian diperoleh dari teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, data display, dan verifikasi/kesimpulan. Sedangkan teknik keabsahan data menggunakan triangualasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kurikulum merdeka di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim Kota Bandar Lampung telah terlaksana dengan baik. Soft skill pada guru SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim juga menjadi poin utama karena guru telah mampu menunjukkan kontribusinya dalam berinteraksi berdasarkan tuntutan kurikulum merdeka. SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim telah siap di berbagai bidang termasuk dalam ketersediaan literasi yang memadai dari segi fasilitas yang ada di SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim. Dalam manajemen waktu guru SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim sudah mampu memanfaatkan waktu yang maksimal sebagai tuntutan kurikulum merdeka. Adapun program Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila bertujuan untuk memberikan kebebasan dan kemandirian pada peserta didik dalam menentukan minat dan bakat yang peserta didik miliki. Dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum merdeka di kelas I dan IV, SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim memiliki beberapa kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh kepala sekolah dan guru kelas I dan IV yaitu (1) sulit memisahkan perspektif kurikulum operasional kurikulum 2013 dengan kurikulum merdeka, (2) kesulitan dalam mendesain perangkat pembelajaran. Dalam hal ini kurangnya pemahaman guru tentang cara menurunkan atau menerjemahkan CP menjadi tujuan pembelajaran, (3) keterbatasan pemahaman psikologis siswa, (4) dalam menerapkan kurikulum merdeka sulit mengkondisikan keadaan atau situasi karena tahapan yang cukup kompleks sehingga guru memiliki kesulitan tersendiri dalam melaksanakannya. (5) beberapa guru gagap akan Ilmu Teknologi (IT), dan (6) guru belum memiliki pengalaman kemerdekaan belajar karena masih dalam tahun pertama penerapan. Kata kunci: Sekolah, Kurikulum Merdeka, Merdeka Belajar iv ABSTRAK Aspect that cannot be separated in education is the curriculum in education. The curriculum in education has a very large role in determining the progress of an education, starting from the realm of concepts to applications or practices in the field. Because the curriculum has a role as a plan and arrangement regarding content and teaching materials as well as guidelines for how to organize good education. The world of education must be adaptive, have a solid foundation to respond to the demands of the times. The brilliant idea of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Mendkbutristek RI), Nadiem Anwar Makarim, about Freedom to Learn to answer the challenges of this globalization. Based on the results of interviews with the head of SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim, he has implemented the Independent Learning Curriculum in class I and class IV for the 2022/2023 school year. In implementing the Independent Curriculum at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim, the independent curriculum is carried out with independent learning options. Based on the advantages of an independent curriculum as mentioned by Nadiem Anwar Makarim, this is what makes schools interested in implementing an independent curriculum through independent channels as an improvement in the quality of education. Educators have a role that is very influential on learning activities in schools. In an effort to improve the quality of education by developing independent learning. Freedom of learning provides opportunities for educators to be free to innovate to learn independently and creatively so that they can achieve the desired goals. The formulation of the problem in this study is: How is the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim in implementing the independent curriculum and what difficulties or obstacles are encountered in implementing the independent curriculum at SD Negeri 2 Perumnas Way Halim. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the independent curriculum at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim in implementing the independent curriculum and the difficulties or obstacles encountered in implementing the independent curriculum at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim. v This study used a qualitative approach with a case study research design, this research was conducted at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim Bandar Lampung. Sources of data from research obtained from observation techniques, interviews and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by means of data reduction, data display, and verification/conclusion. While the data validity technique uses triangulation. The results of the study show that the implementation of the independent curriculum at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim, Bandar Lampung City has been well implemented. Soft skills for SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim teachers are also a major point because teachers have been able to show their contribution in interacting based on the demands of an independent curriculum. SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim is ready in various fields including the availability of adequate literacy in terms of existing facilities at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim. In terms of time management, teachers at SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim have been able to make the most of their time as demanded by the independent curriculum. The Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening program aims to give freedom and independence to students in determining the interests and talents that students have. In implementing the independent curriculum in grades I and IV, SDN 2 Perumnas Way Halim has several difficulties faced by school principals and teachers in grades I and IV, namely (1) it is difficult to separate the operational curriculum perspective of the 2013 curriculum from the independent curriculum, (2) difficulties in designing learning tools. In this case the teacher's lack of understanding about how to reduce or translate CP into learning objectives, (3) limited students' psychological understanding, (4) in implementing the independent curriculum it is difficult to condition conditions or situations because the stages are quite complex so that teachers have their own difficulties in implementing it. (5) some teachers stutter about Technology (IT), and (6) teachers don't have experience of independent learning because they are still in their first year of implementation.\ud Keywords: School, Independent Curriculum, Freedom of Learnin

ANALISIS PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISME PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK DI SMA NEGERI 1 WAY JEPARA

ABSTRAK Fenomena rendahnya kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Way Jepara pada pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari semakin banyaknya sikap dan perilaku yang tidak mengindikasikan berpikir kritis. Sebagai contoh masih banyaknya siswa yang kesulitan dalam menjawab soal yang bersifat menganalisis, mengevaluasi serta merumuskan hipotesis. Beberapa hal tersebut diatas mengindikasikan perlunya upaya peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik sebagai hasil dari pemahaman terhadap konten pembelajaran guna sebagai upaya pengembangan karakter dalam kehidupan sehari-hari melalui model pembelajaran yang efektif. Salah satu alternatif model pembelajaran yang dianggap dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik adalah model pembelajaran konstruktivis yang selama ini telah diimplementasikan dalam kurikulum 2013, karena dalam pembelajaran konstruktivis, peserta didik secara mandiri aktif membangun pengetahuan yang dilandasi struktur kognitif yang telah dimilikinya. Berdasarkan latar belakang diatas maka penulis mengadakan penelitian yang berjudul ―Analisis Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik di SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara‖. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini (1) Untuk mengetahui perencanaan pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis Agama Islam di SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (2) Untuk mengkaji pelaksanaan pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis di SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (3) Untuk menganalisa hasil evaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir krittis peserta didik di SMA N 1 Way Jepara. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan (field research). Data primer didapatkan langsung dari wawancara yaitu Kepala Sekolah, 2 orang Guru Bidang Studi PAI dan juga 3 orang peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data dengan reduksi data, penyajian iv data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perencanaan Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis di SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara, Guru PAI menyiapkan RPP, alat peraga atau media pembelajaran, metode, materi, serta lembar kerja peserta didik. Pelaksanaan pembelajaran konstruktivisme pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis di SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara terdiri dari tiga kegiatan pembelajaran yaitu, kegiatan pendahuluan, kegiatan inti, dan kegiatan penutup. Hasil Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis di SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara yaitu siswa memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis yang beragam dan itu bisa dilihat saat pembelajaran dengan penerapan model konstruktivis berlangsung. Kata Kunci : Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme, Peserta Didik v ABSTRACT The phenomenon of low critical thinking abilities of Way Jepara 1 State High School students in Islamic Religious Education learning. This can be seen from the increasing number of attitudes and behaviors that do not indicate critical thinking. For example, there are still many students who have difficulty answering questions that are analyzing, evaluating and formulating hypotheses. Some of the things mentioned above indicate the need for efforts to improve students' critical thinking skills as a result of understanding learning content as an effort to develop character in everyday life through effective learning models. One alternative learning model that is considered to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills is the constructivist learning model which has been implemented in the 2013 curriculum, because in constructivist learning, students independently actively build knowledge based on the cognitive structures they already have. Based on the above background, the author conducted research entitled "Analysis of Constructivist Learning in PAI Subjects in Improving Students' Critical Thinking Ability at SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara". The objectives of this research are (1) To determine constructivist learning planning in Education subjects in improving Islamic critical thinking skills at SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (2) To examine the implementation of constructivist learning in Islamic Religious Education subjects in improving critical thinking skills at SMA N 1 Way Jepara. (3) To analyze the results of the evaluation of the implementation of constructivist learning in Islamic Religious Education subjects in improving students' critical thinking abilities at SMA N 1 Way Jepara. This research includes field research. Primary data was obtained directly from interviews, namely the Principal, 2 PAI Study Teachers and also 3 students. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that planning constructivist learning in Islamic religious education subjects in improving critical thinking skills at SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara, PAI teachers prepare lesson plans, teaching aids or learning media, methods, materials and vi student worksheets. The implementation of constructivist learning in the subject of Islamic Religious Education in Improving Critical Thinking Abilities at SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara consists of three learning activities, namely, preliminary activities, core activities and closing activities. The results of constructivist learning in Islamic religious education subjects in improving critical thinking skills at SMA Negeri 1 Way Jepara are that students have diverse critical thinking skills and this can be seen when learning using the constructivist model takes place. Keywords: Critical Thinking Ability, Constructivist Learning, Student

ELIMINASI POTENSI MUDA PADA KEGIATAN SUPPLY SMALL PART DI LOGISTIC SUPPLY PARTNER (LSP) MACHINING PT. ASTRA DAIHATSU MOTOR – ENGINE PLANT

Astra Daihatsu Motor Engine Plant is a manufacturing company that produces motor vehicle engines. In the production process, Logistic supply partner Machining is a Logistics Sub-division whose task is to carry out the distribution process of small parts. Supply is carried out by Man power to the available shelves on the production line, in the process this activity has some potential for waste or what is called Muda. If supply activities experience problems that cause delays in the supply process, then the worst possibility is that the production line can stop and make the company suffer losses. For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts to eliminate these Muda potentials which is the purpose of this research. Process small part is carried out using dolly. This can lead to the potential for Muda. Of the 8 types of Muda, there are potential for 3 types, namely muda waiting, muda transportation and muda motion. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the number of dolly, in order to avoid the potential of double handling. In addition to this dolly, the manufacturing process must follow the rules of anthropometry, which is a collection of numerical data related to the characteristics of the human body in the form of size, shape and strength, as well as the application of these data to handling design problems. In addition to anthropometric data, data are also needed that will affect the design of the dolly such as the size and shape of the box to be carried. By using the 50% percentile of anthropometric data and also box size data, the dolly design to be made is 156 cm long, dolly width 83 cm, dolly height 83 cm and dolly handle height is 96 cm.Astra Daihatsu Motor Engine Plant is a manufacturing company that produces motor vehicle engines. In the production process, Logistic supply partner Machining is a Logistics Sub-division whose task is to carry out the distribution process of small parts. Supply is carried out by Man power to the available shelves on the production line, in the process this activity has some potential for waste or what is called Muda. If supply activities experience problems that cause delays in the supply process, then the worst possibility is that the production line can stop and make the company suffer losses. For this reason, it is necessary to make efforts to eliminate these Muda potentials which is the purpose of this research. Process small part is carried out using dolly. This can lead to the potential for Muda. Of the 8 types of Muda, there are potential for 3 types, namely muda waiting, muda transportation and muda motion. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the number of dolly, in order to avoid the potential of double handling. In addition to this dolly, the manufacturing process must follow the rules of anthropometry, which is a collection of numerical data related to the characteristics of the human body in the form of size, shape and strength, as well as the application of these data to handling design problems. In addition to anthropometric data, data are also needed that will affect the design of the dolly such as the size and shape of the box to be carried. By using the 50% percentile of anthropometric data and also box size data, the dolly design to be made is 156 cm long, dolly width 83 cm, dolly height 83 cm and dolly handle height is 96 cm