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    Changes of attitudes toward students with Down syndrome using the programs of indirect contact

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    Ефикасност ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈΡ… ставова Π΄ΠΎ сада јС Π½Π°Ρ˜Ρ‡Π΅ΡˆΡ›Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π°Π½Π° Ρƒ односу Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡšΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ°. Иако јС ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π°Π²Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜Π° усмСрСних Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ставова Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ€ΡˆΡšΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° са ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΎΡˆΡ›Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ су Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈΡˆΡ™Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚, Π΄ΠΎ сада нијС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π°Π½Π° Сфикасност нијСдног ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ставова ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ€ΡˆΡšΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° са Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ синдрoΠΌΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ јС спровСдСно са Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π° сС ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° који ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°, Π·Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ двоструког ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈΡˆΡ™Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ставова ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ€ΡˆΡšΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° са Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ синдромом. ΠŸΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜Π° јС Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° усмСрСна Π½Π° ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ сС ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρƒ Сфикасности Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ставова, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ сС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ставова ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ’Π΅, ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ јС ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π° Ρ†ΠΈΡ™ Π΄Π° ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ испитаницима Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρƒ учСсталости ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° са особама са Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ синдромом, знања ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ синдрому, Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ давања ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ™Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° испитаника ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ Π½Π° Сфикасност ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡšΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°...The efficiency of programs of indirect contact on the development of positive attitudes has so far mostly been checked in relation to minority ethnic groups. Although several studies have been published aimed at changing the attitudes of typically development children towards peers with intellectual disabilities using certain programs of indirect contact, such as desegregation, intergroup contact and imagined contact, the effectiveness of any program of indirect contact on the change of typically development students' attitudes towards peers with Down syndrome has not been explored. The following research was conducted in order to determine the effect of the extended contact program, which includes models of desegregation, intergroup contact, common ingroup identity and dual identity, as well as the program of imagined contact on the change of attitudes of typically development students toward their peers with Down syndrome. In addition, the study was aimed at determining whether these programs differ in terms of effectiveness in changing attitudes, as well as whether the changes in attitudes held over time. Furthermore, the study was aimed at determining whether the differences among the respondents regarding the frequency of their contact with people with Down syndrome, knowledge about Down syndrome, empathy, tendency of giving socially desirable responses, and gender of the respondents have an impact on the effectiveness of the applied programs..

    Changes of attitudes toward students with Down syndrome using the programs of indirect contact

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    Ефикасност ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ˜ΠΈΡ… ставова Π΄ΠΎ сада јС Π½Π°Ρ˜Ρ‡Π΅ΡˆΡ›Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π°Π½Π° Ρƒ односу Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡšΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ°. Иако јС ΠΎΠ±Ρ˜Π°Π²Ρ™Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜Π° усмСрСних Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ставова Π΄Π΅Ρ†Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ€ΡˆΡšΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° са ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½ΠΎΡˆΡ›Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡ˜Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΡˆΡ‚ΠΎ су Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈΡˆΡ™Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚, Π΄ΠΎ сада нијС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€Π°Π²Π°Π½Π° Сфикасност нијСдног ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡ€Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ставова ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ€ΡˆΡšΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° са Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ синдрoΠΌΠΎΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ јС спровСдСно са Ρ†ΠΈΡ™Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π° сС ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° који ΠΎΠ±ΡƒΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°, Π·Π°Ρ˜Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΡƒΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ€Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π° ΠΈ двоструког ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈΡˆΡ™Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρƒ ставова ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ˜Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²Ρ€ΡˆΡšΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΌΠ° са Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ синдромом. ΠŸΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΄ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Π°, ΡΡ‚ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ˜Π° јС Π±ΠΈΠ»Π° усмСрСна Π½Π° ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Ρ’ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ сС ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΡ˜Ρƒ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρƒ Сфикасности Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ставова, ΠΊΠ°ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ сС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ ставова ΠΎΠ΄Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π²Π°Ρ˜Ρƒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΎΡ’Π΅, ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡšΠ΅ јС ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π·Π° Ρ†ΠΈΡ™ Π΄Π° ΡƒΡ‚Π²Ρ€Π΄ΠΈ Π΄Π° Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ’Ρƒ испитаницима Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»Π΅Π΄Ρƒ учСсталости ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° са особама са Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌ синдромом, знања ΠΎ Π”Π°ΡƒΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ синдрому, Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ˜Π΅, Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡ˜Π΅ давања ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΡ˜Π°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ™Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π° испитаника ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ˜Ρƒ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ˜ Π½Π° Сфикасност ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡšΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ°...The efficiency of programs of indirect contact on the development of positive attitudes has so far mostly been checked in relation to minority ethnic groups. Although several studies have been published aimed at changing the attitudes of typically development children towards peers with intellectual disabilities using certain programs of indirect contact, such as desegregation, intergroup contact and imagined contact, the effectiveness of any program of indirect contact on the change of typically development students' attitudes towards peers with Down syndrome has not been explored. The following research was conducted in order to determine the effect of the extended contact program, which includes models of desegregation, intergroup contact, common ingroup identity and dual identity, as well as the program of imagined contact on the change of attitudes of typically development students toward their peers with Down syndrome. In addition, the study was aimed at determining whether these programs differ in terms of effectiveness in changing attitudes, as well as whether the changes in attitudes held over time. Furthermore, the study was aimed at determining whether the differences among the respondents regarding the frequency of their contact with people with Down syndrome, knowledge about Down syndrome, empathy, tendency of giving socially desirable responses, and gender of the respondents have an impact on the effectiveness of the applied programs..
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