Newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus presenting with localized itch

Type II diabetes is caused by insulin resistance resulting in high blood sugar levels. Although the typical symptoms of diabetes are described as polyuria, polydipsia and fatigue as many as 60% of newly diagnosed patients with type II diabetes are asymptomatic. Here authors present a case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with localized pruritus affecting the medial aspects of his forearms and upper legs as the sole symptom of newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus. The itch symptom markedly improved on significantly reducing his dietary intake of sugars and with the use of metformin. Authors hope to alert clinicians to consider the possibility of underlying diabetes in such presentations to enable swift diagnosis and consequent treatment. It is unusual to find patients presenting with localized itch without any corresponding cutaneous manifestations as a presentation of type II diabetes

DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL ORAL NANOEMULSION CONTAINING GARLIC OIL

Objective: This study was designed to prepare and characterize oil in water (o/w) nanoemulsion of candesartan cilexetil for oral administration. Preparation of candesartan cilexetil as nanoemulsion could increase its water solubility and thus could enhance its bioavailability. Methods: Aqueous titration method was used to construct the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of nanoemulsion (NE) consisting of oil, various weight ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant (S mix), and deionized water. Different characterization techniques were conducted on the prepared nanoemulsions to obtain the optimized formula. Results: Characterizations of formula NE-4 (consists of 0.16% of candesartan cilexetil, 10% of garlic oil, 35 % of S mix (3:1) and 54.84% of deionized water) revealed the following characteristics: droplet size range (95-139 nm), polydispersity index (0.14), zeta potential value (-41.06 mV) and pH value (6.71), which are suitable for oral administration. Candesartan cilexetil in vitro release from this formula was significantly high (P<0.05) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM) study confirmed that the optimized formula (NE-4) was in nano-scale. Conclusion: Nanoemulsion formula 4 (NE-4) of candesartan cilexetil is the optimized formula and it could be a promising formula for improving the water solubility of candesartan cilaxetil

New precoding blind channel estimation and channel order estimation algorithm in OFDM systems with cyclic prefix

Using different precoding matrices, a new blind channel estimation in OFDM systems with cyclic prefix is presented in this paper. The proposed method employs one column of the correlation matrix directly, unlike the traditional precoding techniques where the elements of precoding matrix is been removed. Results show the impact of this method specially when using the type of precoding matrices which include the circulant property in its design. Since channel order estimation is an important task in blind methods, a new and simple algorithm is also investigated with no additional complexity been added to the system. A proof of diagonalizability property is mentioned which can be implemented for other investigations concerning this type of matrices

Experimental Study of 2-Amino-5-(4- nitrophenyl)-1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole for MS in HCl Solution

The present work aims to study the inhibition performance of new organic inhibitor namely ANTD “2-amino-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,4- thiadiazole” on corrosion of mild steel (MS) in HCl environment at the concentration of 1.0 M through using weight loss techniques. Weight lost measurements demonstrates the presence of a film on MS surface in existence of organic substance. The inhibition performance of ANTD at various concentrations for mild steel increases with increasing concentration and with an increased in the immersion time and decreased with raising temperatures degrees. The optimal inhibition efficiency of (ANTD), 82%, was achieved for mild steel when immersed with the highest utilized concentration for 6 hrs

New precoding blind channel estimation and channel order estimation algorithm in OFDM systems with cyclic prefix

Using different precoding matrices, a new blind channel estimation in OFDM systems with cyclic prefix is presented in this paper. The proposed method employs one column of the correlation matrix directly, unlike the traditional precoding techniques where the elements of precoding matrix is been removed. Results show the impact of this method specially when using the type of precoding matrices which include the circulant property in its design. Since channel order estimation is an important task in blind methods, a new and simple algorithm is also investigated with no additional complexity been added to the system. A proof of diagonalizability property is mentioned which can be implemented for other investigations concerning this type of matrices

PREPARATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF CILOSTAZOL NANOEMULSION ORAL LIQUID DOSAGE FORM

Objective: Cilostazol has poor water solubility and low oral bioavailability. Therefore, the formulation of cilostazol as a nanoemulsion may enhance its solubility and improve oral bioavailability. Hence, the aim of this study was to formulate and characterize an oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsion of cilostazol as an oral liquid dosage form. Methods: Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using the aqueous titration method. Formulations of pseudo-ternary phase plots consisting of oil, various weight ratios of S mix (mixture of surfactant and co-surfactant), and deionized water were made. Different characterization studies, droplet size measurement, polydispersity index, drug content, zeta potential measurement, and in vitro release, have been conducted to choose the optimized formula. Results: The characterization studies have demonstrated that the optimized formula is (F-6), consisting of 20 % S mix (3:1), 10% ginger oil, and 70% deionized water. This formula had the following characteristics; droplet size (72.9-110 nm), polydispersity index (0.22), percentage of drug content (99.8%), and in vitro release of cilostazol nanoemulsion was significantly higher (P<0.05) in comparison with other formulations. A Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) study has revealed that the droplet size of F-6 was at the nano-scale. Conclusion: In conclusion, the optimized cilostazol formula (F-6) is a promising formula, which may have the capability of improving the oral bioavailability of cilostazol

A A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY CONTROL TESTING ON CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL CONVENTIONAL TABLETS IN IRAQ

Objective: The present study was performed to compare the quality of conventional tablets loaded with candesartan cilexetil. The selected candesartan cilexetil tablets were commercialized in the Iraq market and produced by different companies.  Methods: Different batches of candesartan cilexetil oral tablets (the concentration of candesartan was 8 mg) were subjected to quality control tests. Tests included weight variation, friability, hardness, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro release study. The protocols of these tests were performed according to USP pharmacopeia. Results: The results, in this study, revealed that all the used batches of candesartan cilexetil oral tablets complied with the specification of USP pharmacopeia for weight uniformity, friability value (% loss) was<1. Hardness results of the tablets were 4.9-6.6 Kg/cm2, which was within the required limits (i.e. 4-8 Kg/cm2). Disintegration time was<15 min in both Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF) and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF). The percentage of drug content in all marketed tablets was found between 96.2 % and 99.8 %, reflecting compliance with the pharmacopeia limits (i.e. 85-115 %). An in vitro release study indicated that the release of all marketed tablets exceeds 80 % within 15 min. Conclusion: All the studied tablets, loaded with candesartan cilexetil, were produced within the standard criteria of tablet production. The quality control analysis of the selected tablets, in this study, revealed satisfactory pharmaceutical properties (including safety and effectiveness) that comply within the limits of USP pharmacopeia