The effects of slaughtering methods on physical and biochemical changes in fish

Duran, Ayhan (Aksaray, Yazar)We investigated the effects of two different slaughter methods (sudden death and struggle death) on catalase (CAT) activity and malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels in tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792). We analyzed a group of fish without waiting and other fish groups after being kept in 8-10°C for 12, 24, 36 hours. Additionally, sensory analyses were studied by a sensory panel consisting of experienced judges to sensory evaluation. We have been observed significant increases (p < 0.05) in MDA levels and decreases (p < 0.05) in CAT activity of two groups (sudden and struggle death). Using sudden death (unstressed) method, rainbow trout groups showed good quality until to 36th hour, and sensory analyses of struggle death treated groups (stressed) exhibited good quality up to 24th hour. Consequently, we got importance of storage temperature, time and different slaughter methods on biochemical parameters and sensory analyses of some rainbow trout tissues

Biochemical changes and sensory assessment on tissues of carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) during sale conditions

WOS: 000270171000017PubMed: 19533401In this study, some biochemical changes of carp (Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758) tissues were investigated. Studies have been carried out on carp which have regional economical importance. Storage temperature and time are the most important factors that affect the quality of fish during sales. It was observed that the temperature varied between 9 and 12A degrees C in sale conditions. In addition, we assumed the arrival time of the fish at the fish market to be 0 (zero) h. Biochemical analyses [malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase activity] of carp tissues (muscle, liver, heart, spleen, brain) were carried out on fish which were held for 24 and 48 h, as well as on fresh fish (0 h). In addition, sensory analysis was conducted by a panel consisting of experienced judges of sensory evaluation. Statistically significant (P 0.05) increase in MDA level in heart tissue of carp after 24 h. There was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in MDA levels in muscle, spleen and heart tissues when comparing the 24- and 48-h groups. In the group examined at 24 h, it was observed that there were statistically significant differences from the 0 h group values (P < 0.05) for catalase (CAT) activity in muscle, brain, spleen and heart tissues. The decreases in CAT activity in liver and spleen tissues were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the group examined at 24 h compared with the group examined at 48 h. Carp maintained good quality during the selling conditions up to 24 h. This experiment deals with the effects of post-slaughter time and storage temperature on carp tissues. It is concluded that by considering the storage temperature (9-12A degrees C) and storage time (post-slaughter) the product maintained acceptable quality up to 24 h. There was significant deterioration of sensory quality, as a result of changes in chemical constituents.Inonu University Research Fund [2003/08]Inonu University Research Fund (I. U. BAP 2003/08) is gratefully acknowledged for support of this work

ANTIOXIDATIVE ROLE OF SODIUM SELENITE AGAINST THE TOXIC EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS (Cd+2, Cr+3) ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN THE BLOOD OF RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

WOS: 000260802000006There have been a considerable number of studies carried out on selenium metabolism in recent years. In most of these studies, selenium has been administered to experimental animals as a selenite ion (Se+4) at low concentrations. The aim of the present study was to determine hematological parameters, including total leukocyte number (WBC), erythrocyte number (RBC), hemoglobin amount (HGB) and hematocrit value (HCT), of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) following exposure to sodium selenite and heavy metals (Cd+2 and Cr+3). In addition, biochemical parameters, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total protein, albumin, globulin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase=SGOT; Serum Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase), ALT (Alanine transaminase=SGPT; Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase), sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride were determined. The results reported here show that sodium selenite makes an important contribution to antioxidative defense in the rainbow trout. The ability of sodium selenite to protect against oxidative stress induced by heavy metals in fish was discussed.Inonu University Research Fund [BAP 2004/27]The Inonu University Research Fund (BAP 2004/27) is gratefully acknowledged for the support of this work

Effects of various propolis concentrations on biochemical and hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

WOS: 000270292200024PubMed ID: 19428108Biochemical and hematological parameters in blood of rainbow trout treated to various concentrations of propolis for 96 h were determined. Total leukocyte count and granulocytes values increased (p < 0.05) in 0.02 and 0.03 g/L propolis groups. There was a decrease in agranulocytes (p < 0.05) erythrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit values for fish exposed to 0.02 and 0.03 g/L propolis. MCV and MCH values (p < 0.05) were significantly increased; 0.02 and 0.03 g/L propolis caused an increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of glucose, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, total cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase and gamma glutamyltransferase. There was a decrease in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. Hematological and biochemical protective effects of 0.01 g/L propolis were investigated. Dose-dependent effects of propolis on blood of fish can be favorable, opening new perspectives of investigation on their biological properties and utilization. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Nigde University Research Fund [FEB 2007/13]Nigde University Research Fund (FEB 2007/13) is gratefully acknowledged for support of this work

Effects of propolis on blood biochemical and hematological parameters in nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats by N omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester

WOS: 000325830800009PubMed: 24035946This study showed the effects of propolis on biochemical and hematological parameters in chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats by N-omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Rats are given L-NAME for 15 days and the propolis for the last 5 days with L-NAME together. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase in the L-NAME group compared to control group have increased (P<0.05). The levels of these parameters in L-NAME+propolis group compared to the L-NAME group have decreased (P<0.05). L-NAME caused increase (P<0.05) in levels of glucose, albumin, globulin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride and cholesterol. Erythrocyte number, total leukocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophil and monocyte decreased (P<0.05), platelets and lymphocyte increased (P<0.05) in L-NAME+propolis group compared to the L-NAME group. The study concluded that homeostasis is modulated in L-NAME administrated rats by adding propolis which causes increasing generation of vascular nitric oxide.Nigde University Research Fund [FEB 2008/25]Nigde University Research Fund (FEB 2008/25) is gratefully acknowledged for support of this work. Thanks for his help to Dr. Engin Sahna at Firat University in Turkey about animal research

Modulating effect of selenium on gills of fish exposed to heavy metals

The present study was performed to understand the preventive effect of selenium (Se4+) on heavy metal stress induced by Cd2+ and Cr3+ in rainbow trout. Changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in gill tissue of rainbow trout after 7 days of exposure to Cd 2+ and Cr3+ were investigated in the presence and absence of Se4+. Heavy metals treated groups exhibited significant decreases (P&lt;0.05) in GSH-Px, CAT, SOD activities of gill, and an increase (P&lt;0.05) in MDA levels, compared to the control. In the presence of Se4+, GSH-Px activity and SOD activity were found to be higher and MDA levels were lower compared with in its absence. In the light of our findings, it could be stated that Cd2+ and Cr3+ lead to dramatic changes in biochemical parameters and selenium caused these parameters to converge to control levels when it was administered concurrently with these heavy metals. Selenium fully or partially restored enzyme activities. Lipid peroxidation was also decreased in selenium treated groups. © by psp

Development And Psychometric Testing Of The Turkish Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale

Objective: The monitoring of immunosuppressive medication adherence is an important issue for solid organ transplant patients. In Turkey, there has been no valid and reliable measurement tool specific to transplantation for evaluation of medication adherence. The aim of this methodological study was to develop and psychometrically test Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale. Materials and Methods: The Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale was developed, and its validity and reliability were examined using data from 200 solid organ transplant patients. An expert panel evaluated the content validity, and factor analysis was used to evaluate the construct validity. Internal consistency analysis was performed to evaluate the reliability of the scale, and item-total correlations were evaluated. Results: As a result of exploratory factor analysis, all 11 items were found to be collected in a single dimension, and factor loadings varied between 0.32 and 0.87. All scale items had a good positive significant correlation with the total scale score. Content validity was evidenced by obtaining the views of 13 experts (0.80 content validity index). Cronbach's a was 0.61. Conclusion: The Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale has acceptable internal consistency, good content, and construct validity. The scale is appropriate for use in clinical practice settings and research to evaluate immunosuppressive medication adherence of solid organ transplant patients.Wo

Antioxidative effects of novel synthetic organoselenium compound in rat lung and kidney

WOS: 000263762100036PubMed ID: 18222543The effects of environmental chemicals, drugs, and physical agents on the developing lung and kidney are influenced by the state of development and maturation. Selenium is an essential element with physiological nonenzymatic antioxidant properties. Therefore, we undertook the present study to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the novel synthetic organoselenium compounds (Se I and Se II). In this study, adult female Wistar rats were treated with DMBA and the novel organoselenium compounds [1-isopropyl-3-methylbenzimidazole-2-selenone (Se I) and 1,3-di-p-methoxybenzylpyrimidine-2-selenone (Se II)] in the determined doses. The protective effects of novel synthetic organoselenium compounds (Se I and Se II) against DMBA-induced changes in levels of some [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and total glutathione (GSH), malonedialdehyde (MDA)] parameters in rat lung and kidney were investigated. As a result, it was found that both Se I and Se II had provided the antioxidant effects against DMBA-induced oxidative stress in rat lung and kidney and lipid peroxidation had also been decreased by these organoselenium compounds. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK [TBAG-2259, 102T185]We thank to Technological and Scientific Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK TBAG-2259 (102T185) for financial support of this work

Propolis attenuates oxidative injury in brain and lung of nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats

<p><strong><em>Background: </em></strong>The blocking of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity may reason vasoconstriction with formation of reactive oxygen species. Propolis has biological and pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant effects of propolis which natural product on biochemical parameters in brain and lung tissues of acute nitric oxide synthase inhibited rats by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).</p><p><strong><em>Methods: </em></strong>Rats have been received L-NAME (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), NOS inhibitor for 15 days to produce hypertension and propolis (200mg/kg, by gavage) the lastest 5 of 15 days.</p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>There  were  the  increase  (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001)  in  the  malondialdehyde  levels  in  the  L-NAME treatment groups when compared to control rats, but the decrease (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) in the catalase activities in both brain and lung tissues. There were statistically changes (<em>P</em>&lt;0.001) in these parameters of L-NAME+propolis treated rats as compared with L-NAME-treated group.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion: </em></strong>The application of L-NAME to the Wistar rats resulted in well developed oxidative stress. Also, propolis may influence endothelial NO production. Identification of such compounds and characterisation of their cellular actions may increase our knowledge of the regulation of endothelial NO production and could provide valuable clues for the prevention or treatment of hypertensive diseases and oxidative stress.</p