Application of Biological Fertilizer with Different Application Time Intervals on the Development of Seedling Down Disease and Growth of Mustard (Brasica rapa) in Nurseries

Seedling fall disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani is one of the limiting factors in the cultivation of mustard plants. This pathogen can attack plants in the nursery as well as after the plants in the field. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of using biological fertilizers Azoto-Trico and KIBPF with different application time intervals on the development of seedling fall disease and the growth of mustard in the nursery. The study used Azoto-Tricho and KIBPF biological fertilizers with application intervals of 2 days, 4 days and 6 days. The results showed that the application of biological fertilizers Azoto-Tricho and KIBPF with different application time intervals had an effect on controlling seedling fall disease and increasing plant height and plant fresh weight. The application of Azoto-Tricho biofertilizer and KIBPF if applied at intervals of 2 days or 4 days or 6 days had the same ability to control seedling fall disease and increase plant height and fresh weight of mustard plants in nurseries

Efek Perendaman Benih dengan Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit dan Serangan Penyakit Rebah Semai pada Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum)

The use of biofertilizers is part of an environmentally friendly plant cultivation. In order to analyze the effect of soaking seeds with several types of biofertilizers on seedling growth and damping off disease in tomatoes, a greenhouse experiment has been carried out using biofertilizers and the fungicide Propineb as control treatment. The biofertilizers used were mixed biofertilizer (BION-UP), Consortium isolates of tomato rhizosphere bacteria (CITRB), consortium of Azotobacter chrococcum and Trichoderma harzianum (Azoto-Tricho). The results showed that soaking tomato seeds in bioagens solution increased plant height, number of petioles, fresh weight and dry weight of plants, as well as suppressed damping off disease in tomato nursery. The CITRB biofertilizer has a better effect on plant growth and diseases suppression than another biofertilizers and Propineb fungicide. CITRB enable to increase plant height by 49.97%, number of petioles by 60.00%, plant fresh weight by 107.23%, dry weight of plants by 129.41%, and suppress damping off disease by 56.67%. BION-UP, CITRB and Azoto-Tricho were able to suppress damping off disease by 22.22%, 27.78% and 16.67% respectively.  The ability of all biofertilizer to suppress damping off disease incidence were better than Propineb fungicide

Biopriming Dengan Agens Hayati Pada Benih Padi Terkontaminasi Fitopatogen Drechslera oryzae

Fungi Dreschslera oryzae or Helminthosporium oryzae often found in rice seeds and causes brown spot disease (brown spot disease). Symptoms of attack can be seen in nurseries and on mature plants. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of a consortium of biological control agents and secondary metabolites Trichoderma harzianum which is used as biopriming on rice seeds contaminated with D. oryzae. The treatment tried was without biological control agents as a control, consortium T. harzianum and A. chrococcum, consortia of three isolates Bacillus sp, consortium A. chrococcum, A. vinelandi, Azospirillum sp, Pseudomaonas cepacia, Penicillium sp, Acinetobacter sp, and secondary metabolites T. harzianum, designed using a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The experiment used two methods, namely germinating rice seeds on gauze media and on soil media. The research results found that biopriming with the biological control agents and secondary metabolites T. harzianum on rice seeds, it has the effect of increasing shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling fresh weight, root length, and reducing disease intensity. In general, the use of the biological control agents and secondary metabolites T. harzianum has the same effect. The presence of chitinase enzymes and siderophore compounds in biological control agents and secondary metabolites T. harzianum has an effect on reducing disease intensity, while the hormones auxin and gibberellin have an effect on increasing shoot height, shoot fresh weight, seedling fresh weight and root length.

PERBANYAKAN Trichoderma harzianum PADA MEDIA BERBASIS ELA SAGU

Trichoderma harzianum has been widely known as biological control agents of plant diseases. To obtain inoculum in large quantities waste agricultural products could be used as media. Ela sago is solid wastes originated from sago processing, contains C-organic, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, as well as crude protein, fat, crude fiber, ash, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and silica. The objective of this laboatory experiment was to determina the capacity of ela sagu in combination with rice bran and husks as T. harzianum inoculum production. The research was conducted in laboratorium Nemathology, Plant Pathology Agriculture Faculty of Pattimura University. The experiment was conducted from March to April 2014. The medium testedin this experiment were ela sago, ela sago + husk, ela sago + bran, ela sago + husk + bran, husk, bran, husk + bran, and corn. The experiment was set up by using a completely randomized design, replicated three times. The experimental results showed that the number of conidiumon mixed media ela sago + bran and ela sago + bran + husk reached up to 1011 per g media and significantly greater than that of ela sago, elasago + husk, Husk + bran, husk, bran, and corn media

Aplikasi agens hayati dari perakaran bamboo dan rumput gajah untuk mengendalikan penyakit hawar daun dan peningkatan hasil tanaman pada sawi (Brassica rapa)

Penyakit Damping Off dan hawar daun merupakan penyakit yang sering ditemukan pada tanaman sawi (Brassica rapa) dan tanaman hortikultura sayuran lainnya. Kedua penyakit ini disebabkan oleh jamur Rizoctonia solani. Penggunaan bahan alam berbasis agens hayati mikroba merupakan solusi penanganan penyakit tanaman yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan, selain untuk pengendalian penyakit juga berpotensi meningkatkan hasil tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi agens hayati dari perakaran bambu dan rumput gajah terhadap serangan penyakit hawar daun dan hasil tanaman sawi. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah agens hayati dari ekstrak akar bambu (EAB) dan akar rumput gajah (EARG), dan pupuk hayati konsorsium (PHK) dengan konsentrasi : PHK 1% , EAB 1%, EAB 1,5% , EAB 2%, EARG 1% , EARG 1,5%, EARG 2%, dan tanpa agens hayati sebagai kontrol. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian adalah pemberian agens hayati dari EAB, EARG dan PHK dapat mengendalikan penyakit hawar daun, dan meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, bobot segar tanaman dan bobot kering tanaman. Agens hayati dengan konsentrasi terbaik adalah PHK 1%, EAB 2% dan EARG 2%. Hasil penelitian yang terbaik dapat direkomendasikan kepada petani untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman sawi. ABSTRACT Damping off and leaf blight diseases are often found in mustard (Brassica rapa) and other vegetable horticultural crops. Both diseases are caused by a fungal pathogen Rizoctonia solani. The use of natural materials based on biological agents is a sustainable environmentally friendly solutions, besides controlling crop diseases, it also has the potential to increase crop yields. This study aims to determine the effect of application of biological agents from bamboo roots and elephant grass on leaf blight and mustard. The treatments involved biological agents extracted from bamboo roots (EAB) and elephant grass roots (EARG), and consortium bio-fertilizers (PHK) with concentrations of 1% layoff, EAB 1%, EAB 1.5%, EAB 2%, EARG 1%, EARG 1.5%, EARG 2%, and without biological agents as a control.  The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study showed that the the application of biological agents from bamboo roots (EAB), elephant grass roots (EARG) and consortium bio-fertilizers (PHK) can control the leaf blight disease, and can increase the plant height, and the fresh and plant dry weight. The best concentration of biological agents is PHK 1%, EAB 2% and EARG 2%. The best results of this study can be recommended to farmers to increase the production of mustard plants.

Efek Penggunaan Metabolit Sekunder Trichoderma harzianum terhadap Penyakit Busuk Buah Phomopsis, Hama Perusak Daun Epilachna, dan Hasil Tanaman Terung

Upaya peningkatan produktivitas terung seringkali terkendala kerusakan tanaman oleh serangan fitopatogen dan hama. Pemanfaatan metabolit sekunder agens hayati untuk pengendalian fitopatogen dan hama perusak pada tanaman, merupakan cara pengendalian yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi metabolit sekunder Trichoderma harzianum yang efektif untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk buah Phomopsis vexans dan hama perusak daun Epilachna, serta untuk meningkatkan produksi terung. Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah metabolit sekunder T. harzianum dengan konsentrasi 0%, 10%, 20% dan 30%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan metabolit sekunder T. harzianum menekan penyakit busuk buah Phomopsis, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kerusakan daun Epilachna. Pengobatan dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% masing-masing dapat menurunkan intensitas penyakit 51.65%, 64.25% dan 69.63%. Kerusakan daun oleh Epilachna sp tergolong ringan untuk semua tingkat konsentrasi yakni berkisar 3.65-4.32%. Perlakuan metabolit sekunder T. harzianum dengan berbagai tingkat konsentrasi berpengaruh terhadap panjang buah tetapi terhadap jumlah buah, diameter buah, dan berat buah tidak berpengaru

PERTUMBUHAN AGENS HAYATI Trichoderma harzianum DENGAN BERBAGAI TINGKAT DOSIS PADA BEBERAPA JENIS KOMPOS

This research was made in July to September 2016 in Plant Disease Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Pattimura University, Ambon. This research was made with purpose to get the best compost as a carrier of Trichoderma harzianum. The research method was experiment method using completely randomized program (RAL) using two factors, i.e three treatments with three repetitions, therefore 27 unit specimen were found. Based on observation in the laboratory, the result were: 1) a growth and best dense of T. harzianum spore in compost was in 10 % dose; 2) Compost produced by Farmers’ group Sumber Wiji Kairatu was the best for T. harzianum with pH grade of 7.5; and 3) Best compost formulation as a carrier for control agent T. harzianum was produced by Farmers’ group Sumber Wiji Kairatu with 10 % dose

Isolasi Trichoderma Spp. Dan Daya Antagonismenya Terhadap Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc. Penyebab Penyakit Layu Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum Anuum) Secara In-vitro

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menguji kemampuan antagonis Trichoderma spp. terhadap Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. penyebab layu pada tanaman cabai dan telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Patogenisitas Fakultas Pertanian Unpatti, dengan menggunakan 5 perlakuan isolat Trichoderma spp. (Tc3, Tc4, Tc5, Tc6 dan Tc7) dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 15 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelima isolat Trichoderma sp. mempunyai daya antagonis terhadap S. rolfsii dengan rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii sebesar 26%. Hasil analisis varians pada taraf 95% menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan. Rata-rata persentase penghambatan S. rolfsii oleh Trichoderma spp. masing-masing perlakuan berturut-turut adalah Tc6 = 27,31%, Tc3 = 26,63%, Tc5 = 26,05%, Tc7 = 25,69% dan Tc4 = 24,37%, dengan rata-rata 26,01%. Kata kunci: antagonisme, Trichoderma spp., Sclerotium rolfsi

Penggunaan Ekstrak Buah Hutung (Barringtonia Asiatika) untuk Mengendalikan Hama Maruca Testulalis Penggerek Polong pada Kacang Panjang

The use of synthetic chemicals to control plant pest should to be limited by utilizing natural products so that environmental contamination can be reduced and crop yields are safe to eat. The aim of this research is to get the effective concentration and application time of hutung fruit (Barringtonia asiatika) extract to control Maruca testulalis pod borer on long bean. The experiments design was complety randomized block design with treatments of 5% extract of hutung fruit with interval of time of two days application, 5% extract of nutmeg with time interval of three days application, 10% extract of nutmeg with time interval of two days application, 10% fruit extract hutung with a three-day application time interval. Two control treatments were 0.1% Decis insecticide with a three-day application time interval three replications and without any treatment. The result showed that 10% hutung fruit extract with two days application time interval was the best treatment and could decrease the intensity of Maruca testulalis pest borer attack on long bean up to 39,14%