シンリョウジョ シュッサン シタ ジョセイ ノ ニンシン リスクスコアヲ モチイタ リスク ヒョウカ ノ ケントウ

目的 平成16年に開発された妊娠リスクスコア自己評価表(以下,スコア)を用いて診療所で出産した女性の得点を算出し,リスクレベルの傾向とスコアの特徴,分娩帰結との関連を検討する.方法 対象はA診療所で平成20年1月～ 12月に分娩し協力が得られた124名である.診療録よりスコアの評価項目と分娩帰結の情報を収集し,スコアA(初診時評価点)とスコアB(妊娠後半期評価点),合計スコア(スコアAとスコアBの総合得点)を算出した.次に,スコアA,スコアB,合計スコアそれぞれについて早産,分娩時異常出血(1,000ml以上),低出生体重児,吸引分娩,帝王切開分娩の5項目と低リスク群(0-1点)・中リスク群(2-3点)・高リスク群(4点以上)間の関連をみた.結果 平均年齢30.5±3.45歳,初産婦4割,経産婦6割であった.スコア別リスク群別割合は,スコアAで1点が37.9%と最も多く,低リスク群が半数(58.9%)を占めた.スコアBでは0点が80.6%と最も多く,同群が8割以上(83.1%)を占めた.合計スコアをみると中・高リスク群合わせて全体の50.1%を占めた.分娩帰結に異常がなかった事例は全体の78.2%で,うち診療所が単独で扱えない中・高リスク群は37.1%であった.一方早産,分娩時異常出血,低出生体重児,吸引分娩,帝王切開の帰結をとった事例は全体の21.8%あり,うち低リスク群は3.2%(4件)あった.スコアBで加点された事例を概観すると分娩帰結に大きな影響を及ぼす事例であった.χ2独立性の検定の結果,特に,Bスコアで骨盤位,IUGR,低位胎盤,双胎により2点以上の得点が付いた場合と,帝王切開や低出生体重児である傾向に関連があった.結論 1.スコアAは容易に加点されるが分娩帰結に影響を与える項目は少なく,スコアBは容易に加点されないが加点されると分娩帰結に直結する項目が多かった.2.妊産婦らが忠実にスコアの評価基準を守れば,約半数が二次・三次医療施設での健診・分娩が適切であると判断される.3.リスク得点が分娩帰結を反映していない事例が一部存在した.4.妊婦の後半期の評価において2点以上のリスク得点が付く場合には,帝王切開と低出生体重児などの異常帰結を取る傾向があり,スコアBの有用性が示唆された.Aim To use the pregnancy risk score self-assessment form developed in 2004 to examine the relationship between the risk level of women who delivered at a clinic and the birth result.Method The subjects were 124 women who gave birth from January～December 2008 at Clinic A and from whom consent was obtained.Birth results and scored items were collected from medical records to calculate Score A(first medical examination),Score B(latter half of pregnancy),and the Total Score(A and B).Next, with regard to each score,correlations were sought between five items(premature delivery,intrapartum abnormal bleeding(1,000ml or more),low birth weight infant,vacuum extraction and caesarean delivery) and the low(0-1 points),intermediate(2-3 points)and high(4 or more points)risk groups. Results Subjects\u27 mean age was 30.5±3.45 years with 40% primipara and 60% multipara.Inspection showed a correlation tending toward caesarean section(r=0.506)or low birth weight infant(r=0.409),particularly when two or more points were assigned for breech presentation, IUGR,low lying placenta or twin fetus to Score B. Conclusion When two or more points were assigned to the risk score during the latter half of pregnancy, there was a tendency toward caesarean operation,lower birth weight infant or other abnormal results, suggesting the utility of Score B

Fetal brain development in chimpanzees versus humans.

世界で初めてチンパンジー胎児の脳成長が明らかに : ヒトの脳の巨大化はすでに胎児期からスタート. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2012-09-25.It is argued that the extraordinary brain enlargement observed in humans is due to not only the human-specific pattern of postnatal brain development, but also to that of prenatal brain development [1, 2]. However, the prenatal trajectory of brain development has not been explored in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), even though they are our closest living relatives. To address this lack of information, we tracked fetal development of the chimpanzee brain from approximately 14 to 34 weeks of gestation (just before birth) in utero using three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. The results were compared with those obtained for the human brain during approximately the same period. We found that the brain volume of chimpanzee fetuses was only half that of human fetuses at 16 weeks of gestation. Moreover, although the growth velocity of brain volume increased until approximately 22 weeks of gestation in both chimpanzees and humans, chimpanzee fetuses did not show the same accelerated increase in brain volume as human fetuses after that time. This suggests that maintenance of fast development of the human brain during intrauterine life has contributed to the remarkable brain enlargement observed in humans

Radical-Scavenging Activity of Nitroxide Radical as an Electron Donor

4-Carbamoyl-PROXYL (CP) was found to scavenge cumylperoxyl radical efficiently in propionitrile at 193 K. The acceleration of the reaction in the presence of scandium ion demonstrated that the scavenging-reaction of cumylpeeroxyl radical by CP proceeds via an electron tranfer from cumylperoxyl raical to CP rather than a radical coupling reaction.International Society for Free Radical Research 13th Biennial Congres

Scandium Ion-Accelerated Scavenging Reaction of Cumylperoxyl Radical by a Cyclic Nitroxyl Radical via Electron Transfer

A cyclic nitroxyl radical used as a spin probe efficently scavenges cumylperoxyl radical in an aprotic medium via an electron-transfer process, which is significantly accelerated by the presence of scandium ion