Numerical Stability Analysis of Space-Time Finite Integration Method Based on the Dependent Domain Concept

A method for estimating the stability criterion in the space-time finite integration (FI) method using the subgrid technique was developed. Numerical- and analytical-dependent domains were compared to estimate the stability limit. Space-time subgrids locally refined with two, three, and four divisions were examined. The stability limit based on the proposed method almost agrees with that of the numerical experiment

A new pathological classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma according to protein expression of SSTR2 and Bcl2

Background: No universal classification method for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC) has been reported based on the embryological origin of biliary epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to classify IHCC according to protein expression levels of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) and b-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and to elucidate the clinicopathological features of each group. Methods: Fifty-two IHCC patients who underwent hepatic resection were enrolled in this study. Protein expression levels of SSTR2 and Bcl2 were examined using immunohistochemistry. Clinicopathological factors were compared between the three groups and prognostic factors were investigated. Results: The patients were divided into three groups: SSTR2 positive and Bcl2 negative (p-Group H, n = 21), SSTR2 negative and Bcl2 positive (p-Group P, n = 14), and the indeterminate group (p-Group U, n = 17) for cases where SSTR2 and Bcl2 were both positive or both negative. All p-Group P cases displayed curability A or B. The 5-year survival rates of p-Group H and U patients were worse than those in p-Group P. p-Group H had higher T-factor, clinical stage, and incidence of periductal infiltration than p-Group P. Conclusions: This method could be used to classify IHCC into peripheral and perihilar type by embryological expression patterns of SSTR2 and Bcl2

The paleoenvironmental change recorded in core sediments of Lake Abashiri of subarctic zone in the east part of Hokkaido, Japan

第3回極域科学シンポジウム/第34回極域生物シンポジウム 11月27日（火） 国立極地研究所 ３階ラウン

Cable externalization at the proximal portion of the superior vena cava coil in Riata implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads

Many Riata (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) leads have reportedly developed cable externalization. The most likely cause of cable externalization is insulation abrasion, which often occurs at the can or between the right ventricular coil and superior vena cava (SVC) coil. We report a rare case of an adult male whose ICD lead cable was externalized at the proximal portion of the SVC coil. This lead became fixed to the wall at the subclavian vein and SVC and became bent between these adhesions. Furthermore, the motion of this lead was affected by pulsation of the aortic arch. The ICD lead might develop inside-out abrasion due to mechanical stress evoked by pulsation of the aortic arch at this site.. © 2016 Japanese College of Cardiology.Embargo Period 12 month

Plasma Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 Level Is Inversely Associated with HDL Cholesterol Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction. Relation between atherosclerosis and innate immunity has attracted attention. As the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, could have an important role in atherosclerosis, we supposed that there could be a meaningful association of plasma LL-37 level with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. We evaluated plasma LL-37 level and other clinical markers in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=133, 115 men and 18 women; age 64.7±11.5 years; HbA1c 8.1±1.6%). Plasma level of LL-37 was measured by ELISA. Results. Mean plasma LL-37 level was 71.2±22.3 ng/mL. Plasma LL-37 level showed significant correlations with HDL cholesterol (r=−0.450, P<0.01), triglyceride (r=0.445, P<0.01), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (r=0.316, P<0.01) but no significant correlation with age, body mass index, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, or vitamin D binding protein. Multiple linear regression analysis showed significant correlations of plasma LL-37 level with HDL cholesterol (β=−0.411, P<0.01) and high sensitive C-reactive protein (β=0.193, P<0.05). Conclusion. Plasma LL-37 level was positively correlated with inflammatory markers and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Sustainability of Landscape and Changes of Site-Use Type which Supports Urban Greenery Space

本研究は, 東京都港区芝・麻布地区を対象として, 幕末から現在までの緑景観の継承過程について, 敷地利用形態から時系列的に明らかにすることを通じて, 現代へ緑景観を継承させてきた社会的な要因について考察することを目的に実施した.ここで, 緑景観とは, 樹木を主体とする都市内の環境資源と景観要素としての性格を合わせ持つ社会的概念を表す言葉として定義する.その結果, 敷地利用形態の度重なる変更にも拘わらず緑景観は継承され, 典型的な5つの継承過程のタイプの存在が確認された.そこでは, 敷地利用上の規範-土地資源としての緑とオープンスペースに立脚した敷地利用-が継続され, そうした敷地利用そのものを誘導, 補完する手段としての地域制緑地制度の効果が推察された.The purpose of this study is to give the fundamental consideration to the analyzing of social factors that caused to success to green-scape, through clarifying the changing process of site-use type supported the green-scape from last stage of Edo era to present at Shiba-Azabu district of Minato ward in Tokyo metropolis. Here, the green-scape is difinited as the social concept which have both meanings of environmental resources and landscape element in the city. As the result, it was confirmed that green-scape have been succeeded in spite of some changes of site-use and there were five typical types of succession process of green-scape. And it was considerated that a standard of land-use have been succeeded; procces whchi turns greenery space and open space as land resources into land property, and greenery zoning system have functioned effectively as the minor method which leads site-uses supported the green-scape

Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Independently Associated with Hemoglobin Concentration in Male Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction. It was reported that 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was independently associated with anemia in chronic kidney diseases, but the relation between vitamin D and anemia in diabetes mellitus is not still certain. We analyzed the relation between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and hemoglobin concentration. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study in male patients with type 2 diabetes was performed. Correlation coefficients and standardized partial regression coefficient for the hemoglobin concentration were evaluated. Results. Hemoglobin concentration was positively correlated with body mass index, HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, cholinesterase, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and negatively correlated with age, duration of diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine, and urinary albumin creatinine ratio. Multiple regression analysis revealed the independent relation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D to hemoglobin concentration. Conclusions. Plasma circulating form of vitamin D is significantly associated with hemoglobin concentration in diabetes mellitus independent of the clinical markers for kidney function or nutrition

Total Synthesis of Decahydroquinoline Poison Frog Alkaloids ent-cis-195A and cis-211A

The total synthesis of two decahydroquinoline poison frog alkaloids ent-cis-195A and cis-211A were achieved in 16 steps (38% overall yield) and 19 steps (31% overall yield), respectively, starting from known compound 1. Both alkaloids were synthesized from the common key intermediate 11 in a divergent fashion, and the absolute stereochemistry of natural cis-211A was determined to be 2R, 4aR, 5R, 6S, and 8aS. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of the parent decahydroquinoline nuclei of cis-211A was the mirror image of that of cis-195A, although both alkaloids were isolated from the same poison frog species, Oophaga (Dendrobates) pumilio, from Panama

Total Synthesis of Decahydroquinoline Poison Frog Alkaloids ent-\u3ci\u3ecis\u3c/i\u3e-195A and \u3ci\u3ecis\u3c/i\u3e-211A

The total synthesis of two decahydroquinoline poison frog alkaloids ent-cis-195A and cis-211A were achieved in 16 steps (38% overall yield) and 19 steps (31% overall yield), respectively, starting from known compound 1. Both alkaloids were synthesized from the common key intermediate 11 in a divergent fashion, and the absolute stereochemistry of natural cis-211A was determined to be 2R, 4aR, 5R, 6S, and 8aS. Interestingly, the absolute configuration of the parent decahydroquinoline nuclei of cis-211A was the mirror image of that of cis-195A, although both alkaloids were isolated from the same poison frog species, Oophaga (Dendrobates) pumilio, from Panama