Endogenous Information Acquisition and Partial Announcement Policy

January 2014. Revised April 201

A MapReduce Algorithm for Minimum Vertex Cover Problems and Its Randomization

MapReduce is a programming paradigm for large-scale distributed information processing. This paper proposes a MapReduce algorithm for the minimum vertex cover problem, which is known to be NP-hard. The MapReduce algorithm can efficiently obtain a minimal vertex cover in a small number of rounds. We show the effectiveness of the algorithm, through experimental evaluation and comparison with exact and approximate algorithms that it demonstrates high quality in a small number of MapReduce rounds. We also confirm from experimentation that the algorithm has good scalability, allowing high-quality solutions under restricted computation times due to increased graph size. Moreover, we extend our algorithm to randomized one to obtain good expected approximate ratio

Petri Net Modeling for Ising Model Formulation in Quantum Annealing

Quantum annealing is an emerging new platform for combinatorial optimization, requiring an Ising model formulation for optimization problems. The formulation can be an essential obstacle to the permeation of this innovation into broad areas of everyday life. Our research is aimed at the proposal of a Petri net modeling approach for an Ising model formulation. Although the proposed method requires users to model their optimization problems with Petri nets, this process can be carried out in a relatively straightforward manner if we know the target problem and the simple Petri net modeling rules. With our method, the constraints and objective functions in the target optimization problems are represented as fundamental characteristics of Petri net models, extracted systematically from Petri net models, and then converted into binary quadratic nets, equivalent to Ising models. The proposed method can drastically reduce the difficulty of the Ising model formulation

Finite spin-glass transition of the ±J\pm J XY model in three dimensions

A three-dimensional $\pm J$ XY spin-glass model is investigated by a nonequilibrium relaxation method. We have introduced a new criterion for the finite-time scaling analysis. A transition temperature is obtained by a crossing point of obtained data. The scaling analysis on the relaxation functions of the spin-glass susceptibility and the chiral-glass susceptibility shows that both transitions occur simultaneously. The result is checked by relaxation functions of the Binder parameters and the glass correlation lengths of the spin and the chirality. Every result is consistent if we consider that the transition is driven by the spin degrees of freedom.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, incorrect arguments are delete

Studying Very Light Gravitino at the ILC

A collider signal with a stable gravitino of ${\cal O}(10)$eV mass at the International Linear Collider (ILC) experiment is investigated. Such a light gravitino is generally predicted in the low-scale gauge mediation scenario of the supersymmetry breaking. We particularly focus on the case that the next lightest supersymmetric particle is stau, which eventually decays into a gravitino and a $\tau$-lepton. With such a small gravitino mass, the lifetime of the stau is $10^{-15}$--$10^{-11}$sec, and the produced stau decays before reaching the first layer of the inner detector of the ILC. It is shown, however, that the lifetime can be determined from the distribution of the impact parameter, which is obtained by observing charged tracks caused by decay products of the $\tau$-lepton. This measurement also enables us to estimate the mass of the gravitino and determine the scale of the supersymmetry breaking. Based on a simulation study, we found that the lifetime can be measured when it is longer than $\sim 10^{-14}$sec and the stau mass is about 100GeV.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Clinical and Enzymatic Investigation of Induction of Oxygen Free Radicals by Ischemia and Reperfusion in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Adjacent Liver

Serum concentration of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants in the hepatic vein were measured before and after transient dearterialization of the liver in five human subjects bearing unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). During 1 hour of the occlusion of the hepatic artery, change inTBA reactants level was slight. However, the mean value of TBA reactants in 1 hour after the reflow increased to 1.50 ± 0.11 nmol/ml (mean ± S.E.) and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those before hepatic dearterialization (1.28 ± 0.11 nmol/ml) and just before the release of occlusion (1.32 ± 0.09 nmol/ml)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 functions as a negative regulator in the differentiation of myoblasts, but not as an inducer for the formations of cartilage and bone in mouse embryonic tongue

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In vitro studies using the myogenic cell line C2C12 demonstrate that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) converts the developmental pathway of C2C12 from a myogenic cell lineage to an osteoblastic cell lineage. Further, in vivo studies using null mutation mice demonstrate that BMPs inhibit the specification of the developmental fate of myogenic progenitor cells. However, the roles of BMPs in the phases of differentiation and maturation in skeletal muscles have yet to be determined. The present study attempts to define the function of BMP-2 in the final stage of differentiation of mouse tongue myoblast.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Recombinant BMP-2 inhibited the expressions of markers for the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells, such as myogenin, muscle creatine kinase (MCK), and fast myosin heavy chain (fMyHC), whereas BMP-2 siRNA stimulated such markers. Neither the recombinant BMP-2 nor BMP-2 siRNA altered the expressions of markers for the formation of cartilage and bone, such as osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen II, and collagen X. Further, no formation of cartilage and bone was observed in the recombinant BMP-2-treated tongues based on Alizarin red and Alcian blue stainings. Neither recombinant BMP-2 nor BMP-2 siRNA affected the expression of inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 1 (Id1). The ratios of chondrogenic and osteogenic markers relative to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, a house keeping gene) were approximately 1000-fold lower than those of myogenic markers in the cultured tongue.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>BMP-2 functions as a negative regulator for the final differentiation of tongue myoblasts, but not as an inducer for the formation of cartilage and bone in cultured tongue, probably because the genes related to myogenesis are in an activation mode, while the genes related to chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are in a silencing mode.</p

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