Acute effects of difference in glucose intake on arterial stiffness in healthy subjects

Background: Post-prandial hyperglycemia is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, which causes arterial stiffening and impaired function. Although post-prandial increases in blood glucose are proportional to the level of intake, the acute effects of different glucose intakes on arterial stiffness have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to determine the acute effects of differences in glucose intake on arterial stiffness. Methods: Six healthy middle-aged and elderly individuals (mean age, 60.0 ± 12.1 years) were orally administered 15, 20, and 25 g of glucose on separate days in a randomized, controlled, cross-over fashion. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, heart-brachial pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, brachial and ankle blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations before and 30, 60, and 90 min after glucose ingestion were measured. Results: Compared to baseline, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was higher at 30, 60 and 90 min after ingestion of 25 g glucose, and higher at 90 min after ingestion of 20 g glucose, but at no time points after ingestion of 15 g. Cardio-ankle vascular index was higher at 60 min than at baseline after ingestion of 25 g glucose, but not after ingestion of 15 or 20 g. Conclusions: These results suggest that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index is affected by the quantity of glucose ingested. Proposed presently is that glucose intake should be reduced at each meal to avoid increases in brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and cardio-ankle vascular index during acute hyperglycemia

Impact of Parenting Style on Clinically Significant Behavioral Problems Among Children Aged 4–11 Years Old After Disaster: A Follow-Up Study of the Great East Japan Earthquake

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of parenting style on children's behavior problems after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.Methods: Participants were children exposed to the 2011 disaster at preschool age (n = 163). Data were collected from August 2012 to March 2013, and from July 2014 to March 2015 (2 and 4 years, respectively, after the earthquake), thus participants were aged 4–11 years when assessed. Parenting style was assessed by caregivers using the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ), which measures parental involvement, positive parenting, poor monitoring/supervision, inconsistent discipline, and corporal punishment in the second year after the disaster. Behavior problems were assessed by caregivers using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which identifies internalizing, externalizing, and total problems in the second and fourth year after the disaster.Results: The results show that corporal punishment in the second year after the disaster had negative influence on CBCL internalizing score (coefficient: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.12–1.45, p = 0.023), externalizing score (coefficient: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.09–1.39, p = 0.025), and total score in the fourth year after the disaster (coefficient: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.16–1.55, p = 0.016), after adjusted for children's age, sex, the number of trauma experiences, maternal education, the number of siblings, temporally housing experience, and CBCL each scores in the second year after the disaster. Other parenting style did not affect children's behavioral problems.Conclusion: The result suggests that inadequate rearing after a natural disaster had negative impact on the behavior problems of the affected children in 4 years later of the disaster. Specifically, corporal punishment had negative influence on children's behavior problems

高校生自転車競技における傷害とその発生要因に関する研究

The purpose of this paper was to obtain information the occurrence of cycling injuries in high school cyclists. Questionnaires were mailed out to 28 teams, a total of 271 competitive cyclists (257 male and 14 female). The response rate was 85.0%. The main results were as follows : 1) The injury rate among all cyclists was 73.8%, with such injuries as abrasion (60.5%), bruises (38.4%), cutting (20.5%), sprain (11.4%) and fracture (10.3%). The most common injured parts of the body were the elbow, shoulder and knee. Characteristically, most injuries occurred on the lower body and left side of the body. 2) Accidents occurred during road practice, track practice, road race and track race in that order. The most common causes of injuries were into contact with other riders and personal mistakes. Every cyclist will eventually fall, and the injuries of high school cyclists who are beginners can be diminished by thorough teaching of the fundamental riding skills in a pack and knowing how to fall. In addition, it is important that they were protection such as helmets, clothing and cycling gloves. 3) The rate for aches and injuries from overpracticing was 66.4% among all cyclists including back pain (37.4%), saddle sores (37.0%), numbness and pain in the hand (ulnar nerve or cyclist palsy) (23.4%), and knee pain (patella chondromalacia) (22.3%). It is important to consider a training plan and to understand and prevent cumulative fatigue, individual exercise ability, and the physical development of frames and muscles for competitive cyclists starting in high school

One-Year Period Prevalence of Oral Aphthous Ulcers and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Behçet's Disease

The aim of this study was to investigate the 1-year period prevalence of oral aphthous ulcers (OAUs) and their association with oral health-related quality of life (OHQOL) in patients with Behçet's disease (BD) and in the general population. In this cross-sectional study, 675 patients with Behçet's disease (BD group) and 1,097 males and females in the Japanese general population (control group) completed both questionnaires on their OAU status during the prior year and the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In the BD group, 84% of patients reported experiencing an OAU during the previous year, and the mean number of OAUs/year was 13. In the control group, 31% of individuals experienced an OAU during the previous year, and the mean number of OAUs/year was one. Multivariate analysis indicated that both BD patients (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 4.8-8.0) and controls (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0-3.5) who had OAUs at least twice per year were more likely to have GOHAI scores below the norm than were controls who had fewer than two OAUs per year. The association between HLA-B * 51 and OAUs remains unknown. The presence of OAUs has a negative effect on the OHQOL of patients with BD

中京大学の新入学時健康診断 : 血液、血液生化学検査の有用性の検討

A health survey and blood examination were carried out on university freshman with their consent in April, and their usefulness for health care was examined. Some 2949 students out of 3479 freshmen were examined during the 3 years from 1995 to 1997, and the examination rate was 84.3%. As a result of the blood examination, 36 male students (1.9%), 93 female students (9.2%) were found to have anemia. The usefulness was confirmed from the liver function test, which revealed high GOT and GPT in a freshman, and another with hepatitis virus detected by a secondary examination. However, a cost-benefit analysis also seemed necessary

Assimilation—On (Not) Turning White: Memory and the Narration of the Postwar History of Japanese Canadians in Southern Alberta

This essay explores understandings of “race” – specifically, what it means to be Japanese – of nisei (“second generation”) individuals who acknowledge their near complete assimilation structurally and normatively into the Canadian mainstream. In historically-contextualized analyses of memory fragments from oral-history interviews conducted between 2011-2017, it focusses on voices and experiences of southern Alberta, an area whose significance to local, national, continental, and trans-Pacific histories of people of Japanese descent is belied by a lack of dedicated scholarly attention. In this light, this essay reveals how the fact of being Japanese in the latter half of the twentieth century was strategically central to nisei lives as individuals and in their communities. In imagining a racial hierarchy whose apex they knew they could never share with the hakujin (whites), the racial heritage they nevertheless inherited and would bequeath could be so potent as to reverse the direction of the colonial gaze with empowering effects in individual engagements then and as remembered now. We see how the narration and validation of one’s life is the navigation of wider historical contexts, the shaping of the post-colonial legacy of Imperial cultures, as Britain and Japan withdrew from their erstwhile colonial projects in Canada

Biomarker Compositions of Dinoflagellates and Their Applications for Paleoenvironmental Proxies

Four motile cells of autotrophic dinoflagellates, Peridinium umbonatum var. inaequale, Akashiwo sanguinea, Scrippsiella tinctoria, and Prorocentrum micans, commonly contain five major sterols: cholesterol, 4-methylcholestan-3-ol, 4, 24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol and dinostanol. A motile cell of heterotrophic dinoflagellate, Protoperidinium crassipes, contains cholesterol, 4, 24- dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, dinostanol and 4-tetramethylcholestan-3-ol as major free sterols. Dinosterol concentration of heterotrophic dinoflagellate is about 4-12 times higher than those of autotrophic species, suggesting that the heterotrophic dinoflagellate is important source of dinosterol in some sediments. 4-Methylcholestan-3-ol and 4-tetramethylcholestan-3-ol occur respectively in autotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are believed to serve as potential biomarkers in respective types. Resting cyst of P. inaequale contains 4-methylcholestan-3β-ol, 4, 24-dimethyl-5α-cholestan-3β-ol, dinosterol, dinostanol, and unknown C31 sterol as major free sterols. The unknown C31 sterol detected only in resting cyst could have been produced during resting stage. This compound may serve as a potential biomarker for resting cysts of dinoflagellate.International Symposium, "The Origin and Evolution of Natural Diversity". 1–5 October 2007. Sapporo, Japan

Sterol composition of dinoflagellates: Different abundance and composition in heterotrophic species and resting cysts

The motile cells of the autotrophic dinoflagellates Peridinium umbonatum var. inaequale, Akashiwo sanguinea, Scrippsiella tinctoria, and Prorocentrum micans commonly contain five major sterols: cholesterol, 4-methylcholestan-3-ol, 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, and dinostanol. The motile cell of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Protoperidinium crassipes contains cholesterol, 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, dinostanol, and 4-tetramethylcholestan-3-ol as major free sterols. The dinosterol concentrations of heterotrophic dinoflagellates are about 4-12 times higher than those of autotrophic species, suggesting that the heterotrophic dinoflagellate is an important source of dinosterol in some sediments. 4-Tetramethylcholestan-3-ol has not been reported in cultured samples of other heterotrophic dinoflagellates. The difference in 4-methyl sterol composition in heterotrophic dinoflagellates may be related to the feeds used during the culture experiment. The resting cyst of P. umbonatum var. inaequale contains 4-methylcholestan-3-ol, 4,24-dimethylcholestan-3-ol, dinosterol, dinostanol, and C31Δ^[5.22]-sterol as major free sterols. The C31Δ^[5.22]-sterol has not been reported in cultured samples of motile cells from dinoflagellates. This compound might be produced during the resting stage, and thus may serve as a potential biomarker for the resting cysts of dinoflagellates

Characterization of the Export of Bulk Poly(A)(+) mRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the Wine-Making Process

Ethanol stress affects the nuclear export of mRNA similarly to heat shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, we have little information about mRNA transport in actual alcoholic fermentation. Here we characterized the transport of mRNA during wine making and found that bulk poly(A)(+) mRNA accumulated in the nucleus as fermentation progressed