84 research outputs found
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Senshu University / National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsäŒè°å: èšèªè³æºæŽ»çšã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãã2019, éå¬å°: åœç«åœèªç 究æ, äŒæ: 2019幎9æ2æ¥â4æ¥, äž»å¬: åœç«åœèªç 究æ ã³ãŒãã¹éçºã»ã³ã¿ãŒæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯ã話ãèšèã®çµå¹Žå€åãç¥ãããã®ãéæé³å£°ã³ãŒãã¹ããæã€å¯èœæ§ãšåé¡ç¹ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããéå»ã®é²é³è³æã倧éã«åéããå¥ã®æ代ã®é²é³è³æãšæ¯èŒããããšã«ããã話ãèšèãã©ã®ããã«å€åããŠããããå®èšŒçã«æããã«ããããšãã§ãããæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯ããéæé³å£°ã³ãŒãã¹ããèšèªç 究ã«æããå¯èœæ§ã«ã€ããŠè«ããäžã§ãçŸåšæ§ç¯ããŠãããæå話ãèšèã³ãŒãã¹ããäŸãšããŠãéå»ã®é²é³è³æãã³ãŒãã¹åããéã«çããäœæ¥äžã®åé¡ç¹ã«ã€ããŠãå
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Senshu UniversitySenshu University / National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsäŒè°å: èšèªè³æºæŽ»çšã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãã2019, éå¬å°: åœç«åœèªç 究æ, äŒæ: 2019幎9æ2æ¥â4æ¥, äž»å¬: åœç«åœèªç 究æ ã³ãŒãã¹éçºã»ã³ã¿ãŒæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯ãèæ¬ã®ããã¹ãããŒã¿ããæ§ç¯ããã³ãŒãã¹ãåæããçµæã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããä»åãæ¢ã«æ§ç¯æžã¿ã®ãåžå·æ£®äžèæ¬ã³ãŒãã¹ãã«å ããæ°ãã«ãéç°æ倫èæ¬ã³ãŒãã¹ããæ§ç¯ãããããã«ãããéãæžãæã«ãã£ãŠæžãããèæ¬ã®æ¯èŒãå¯èœãšãªã£ããæŸäžã»äžžå±±(2018)ããã³æŸäž(2019)ã§ã¯ããåžå·æ£®äžèæ¬ã³ãŒãã¹ãã«ãããŠäž»ã«çµå©è©ã«çŠç¹ãåœãŠãåæãè¡ããæ§å·®ãè¡šããããçµå©è©ã®å€çšããå Žé¢ã«ãã£ãŠçµå©è©ã®è¡šèšãå€ãããšãã£ãç¹ãæããã«ãããä»åããéç°æ倫èæ¬ã³ãŒãã¹ãã«çŸããçµå©è©ã®ååžãåæãããåžå·æ£®äžèæ¬ã³ãŒãã¹ãã®çµå©è©ã®ååžãšæ¯èŒããããã®çµæã2人ã®èæ¬å®¶ã®éã§çµå©è©ã®äœ¿çšåŸåãç°ãªãããšãããã£ããããã«å®éã®äŒè©±ãåé²ãããæ¥æ¬èªæ¥åžžäŒè©±ã³ãŒãã¹ïŒCEJCïŒãã§çšããããçµå©è©ãšã®æ¯èŒãè¡ã£ããšãããã話ãããšãåæãšããŠæžãããèšèããšå®éã®è©±ãèšèã§ã¯çµå©è©ã®ååžãç°ãªãããšãããã£ã
Comparative Evaluation of Direct Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors with Antiplatelet Agents under Flow and Static Conditions: An In Vitro Flow Chamber Model
Dabigatran and rivaroxaban are novel oral anticoagulants that specifically inhibit thrombin and factor Xa, respectively. The aim of this study is to elucidate antithrombotic properties of these anticoagulant agents under arterial and venous shear conditions. Whole blood samples treated with dabigatran or rivaroxaban at 250, 500, and 1000 nM, with/without aspirin and AR-C66096, a P2Y12 antagonist, were perfused over a microchip coated with collagen and tissue thromboplastin at shear rates of 240 and 600 sâ1. Fibrin-rich platelet thrombus formation was quantified by monitoring flow pressure changes. Dabigatran at higher concentrations (500 and 1000 nM) potently inhibited thrombus formation at both shear rates, whereas 1000 nM of rivaroxaban delayed, but did not completely inhibit, thrombus formation. Dual antiplatelet agents weakly suppressed thrombus formation at both shear rates, but intensified the anticoagulant effects of dabigatran and rivaroxaban. The anticoagulant effects of dabigatran and rivaroxaban were also evaluated under static conditions using thrombin generation (TG) assay. In platelet-poor plasma, dabigatran at 250 and 500 nM efficiently prolonged the lag time (LT) and moderately reduce peak height (PH) of TG, whereas rivaroxaban at 250 nM efficiently prolonged LT and reduced PH of TG. In platelet-rich plasma, however, both anticoagulants efficiently delayed LT and reduced PH of TG. Our results suggest that dabigatran and rivaroxaban may exert distinct antithrombotic effects under flow conditions, particularly in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy
On the Multiple Clause Linkage Structure of Japanese: A Corpus-based Study
In this paper, we will describe the distribution of the multiple clause linkage structure within actual spoken and written Japanese. We will examine three Japanese corpora: BCCWJ, CSJ and OCOJ. By identifying distributions of multiple clause linkage structures in corpora of contemporary Japanese (BCCWJ and CSJ), we shed light on what kinds of settings give rise to what type of clause linkage structures through what processes. The dynamic rewriting rule proposed by Kondo (2005) is introduced as a model for the incremental production of multiple clause linkage structures. Some common patterns of such structures occurring in Old Japanese are identified by OCOJ and compared to patterns in BCCWJ and CSJ
Differential roles of prostaglandin E-type receptors in activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 by prostaglandin E1 in vascular-derived cells under non-hypoxic conditions
Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), known pharmaceutically as alprostadil, has vasodilatory properties and is used widely in various clinical settings. In addition to acute vasodilatory properties, PGE1 may exert beneficial effects by altering protein expression of vascular cells. PGE1 is reported to be a potent stimulator of angiogenesis via upregulation of VEGF expression, which is under the control of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). However, the molecular mechanisms behind the phenomenon are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which PGE1 induces HIF-1 activation and VEGF gene expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), both vascular-derived cells. HUVECs and HASMCs were treated with PGE1 at clinically relevant concentrations under 20% O2 conditions and HIF-1 protein expression was investigated. Expression of HIF- 1α protein and the HIF-1-downstream genes were low under 20% O2 conditions and increased in response to PGE1 treatment in both HUVECs and HASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner under 20% O2 conditions as comparable to exposure to 1% O2 conditions. Studies using EP-receptor-specific agonists and antagonists revealed that EP1 and EP3 are critical to PGE1-induced HIF-1 activation. In vitro vascular permeability assays using HUVECs indicated that PGE1 increased vascular permeability in HUVECs. Thus, we demonstrate that PGE1 induces HIF- 1α protein expression and HIF-1 activation under non-hypoxic conditions and also provide evidence that the activity of multiple signal transduction pathways downstream of EP1 and EP3 receptors is required for HIF-1 activation
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Senshu UniversitySenshu University,National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsäŒè°å: èšèªè³æºæŽ»çšã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãã2018, éå¬å°: åœç«åœèªç 究æ, äŒæ: 2018幎9æ4æ¥-5æ¥, äž»å¬: åœç«åœèªç 究æ ã³ãŒãã¹éçºã»ã³ã¿ãŒçŸåšããæ¥æ¬èæ¬ã¢ãŒã«ã€ããºæšé²ã³ã³ãœãŒã·ã¢ã ãã«ããã1950幎代以éã®ãã¬ããã©ãã®èæ¬ãåéããããããäœç³»çã«ä¿åã»ã¢ãŒã«ã€ãåãã掻åãé²ããããŠãããèæ¬ã¯ãã話ãããããšãåæãšããæžãèšèããšããç¹ã§ç¹åŸŽçãªæžãèšèã§ãããããããŸã§ã®èšèªç 究ã®äžã§é¡§ã¿ãããããšã¯å°ãªãã£ããåéããèæ¬ãã³ãŒãã¹åããŠå®éçã«åæããããšã«ãããæ°ããªèšèªåŠçå©çšã®å¯èœæ§ãéããããšèãããããããã§æ¬çºè¡šã§ã¯ãèæ¬ã®ããã¹ãåã»ã³ãŒãã¹åãè©Šéšçã«å®æœããçµç·¯ãè¿°ã¹ããã®ããŒã¿ã䜿ã£ãŠã©ã®ãããªèšèªç 究ãå¯èœã«ãªããã«ã€ããŠè«ãããæ
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ãããããã³ãŒãã¹æ¥æ¬èªåŠã®å°çšããšé¡ããæ¬ç¹éã®å·»é è«æãšããŠ,æ¬çš¿ã§ã¯æ¥æ¬èªç 究ã«ãããã³ãŒãã¹ã®å©çšã®æŽå²ãæ¯ãè¿ã,å°æ¥ã®å±æãã³ãŒãã¹ã®å©çšãããã£ãŠæ³šæãã¹ãããã€ãã®åé¡ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ããšãšãã«,ç¹éã«åããåè«æã«ã€ããŠç°¡åã«çŽ¹ä»ãããJapanese corpus linguistics will soon come of age. The Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ), which is being built in a five-year project of the National Institute for Japanese Language at present, will be completed and published in 2011. As the long-awaited first ever balanced corpus of Japanese, BCCWJ is expected to open up a new era of corpus linguistic studies of the Japanese language, which admittedly have been far behind the times on international standards. In this editorial essay to the special issue devoted to Japanese corpus linguistics, we briefly sketch the history of the use of electronic corpora in the study of Japanese, discuss some of the issues which will need to be borne in mind when we use corpora, as well as summarize each of the papers included in the special issue
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Hitotsubashi UniversitySenshu University / National Institute for Japanese Language and LinguisticsSenshu UniversityäŒè°å: èšèªè³æºæŽ»çšã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãã2020, éå¬å°: ãªã³ã©ã€ã³, äŒæ: 2020幎9æ8æ¥â9æ¥, äž»å¬: åœç«åœèªç 究æ ã³ãŒãã¹éçºã»ã³ã¿ãŒæ¬çºè¡šã§ã¯ïŒäžè¬çãªæç« ãšã¯ç°ãªãæäœçç¹åŸŽãæã€ãšèãããããå»åŠæžãã察象ãšããèšèªåŠçåæã®äžäŸãšããŠïŒå»åŠæž2åã®ããã¹ãïŒå»¶ã¹çŽ282äžèªïŒã«çŸããææ«è¡šçŸã®ç¹åŸŽãåèªN-gramãçšããŠåæãããæ¯èŒå¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠïŒãçŸä»£æ¥æ¬èªæžãèšèåè¡¡ã³ãŒãã¹ãã®ãç¹å®ç®çã»ãã¹ãã»ã©ãŒãå
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床ãªã©ã圱é¿ããŠããããšã瀺ããIn this paper, we report the characteristics of the writing style called "addressing the reader" found in books. For this study, we used the Library Sub-corpus contained in the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ). In performing a stylistic analysis of the corpus, we used the information annotated in the corpus and the comments of the annotators (namely, readers), as well as the word frequencies and contextual connections between words. We found that the "addressive" style is more common in texts written in a casual style, such as essays and blogs, and contains phrases used to address readers directly or ask them questions (as if the writer and the readers are having a dialogue). In books, however, this writing style can be found in instructive texts, mainly in so-called how-to or enlightening books. Therefore, expressions that readers intuitively consider "addressive" in nature are not always encountered in these texts. In this paper, we will show that when readers find that the text is "addressing" them, they are influenced by context-dependent expressions and their own presuppositions as participants
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