Exploring causality in braneworld/cutoff holography via holographic scattering

Holography with branes and/or cutoff surfaces presents a promising approach to studying quantum gravity beyond asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. However, this generalized holography is known to face several inconsistencies, including potential violations of causality and fundamental entropic inequalities. In this work, we address these challenges by investigating the bulk scattering process and its holographic realization. Specifically, we propose that the information on a brane/cutoff surface $Q$ propagates according to the induced light cones originating from a fictitious asymptotic boundary behind $Q$, rather than the conventional ones originating from a point on $Q$. Additionally, we establish the validity of the connected wedge theorem for generalized holography with induced light cones. We also demonstrate that entropic inequalities remain valid within the induced causal diamonds. While the induced light cone seemingly permits superluminal signaling, we argue that this causality violation can be an artifact of state preparation for radially propagating excitations, rather than local operator excitations on $Q$.Comment: 41 pages, 16 figure

Co-prosperity' or 'commonwealth'?: Japan, Britain and Burma 1940-1945.

The entry of Japanese forces into Southeast Asia in 1940 and 1941, now generally identified as one of the vital causes of the Pacific War, and the following Japanese interregnum in the region during the war have been the focus of a considerable volume of studies. In particular, the causation and motivation behind Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia has been a matter of much historiographical and public debate in recent years. This thesis aims to clarify the goals behind Japanese policy and explore how it evolved both prior to and during the war, and how it in turn affected British policy. This study explores these subjects with particular focus on the following issues. It examines how the idea of building a 'Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere' developed as the rationale for Japanese policy and to what extent the Japanese pre-war and wartime policy to nurture nationalist aspirations in Southeast Asia was driven by the ideological claims behind this concept. It also assesses how the Japanese southern expansion and the following occupation influenced British policy towards Southeast Asia, where Britain faced the rise of a number of active nationalist movements. These questions considered at the general level are also examined through a case study of Burma which provides an interesting example for the analysis of the real motives and intentions behind Japanese policy as well as for studying its impact on British policy planning to maintain its presence in the region

Wilsonian Effective Action and Entanglement Entropy

This is a continuation of our previous works on entanglement entropy (EE) in interacting field theories. In arXiv:2103.05303, we have proposed the notion of $\mathbb{Z}_M$ gauge theory on Feynman diagrams to calculate EE in quantum field theories and shown that EE consists of two particular contributions from propagators and vertices. As shown in the next paper arXiv:2105.02598, the purely non-Gaussian contributions from interaction vertices can be interpreted as renormalized correlation functions of composite operators. In this paper, we will first provide a unified matrix form of EE containing both contributions from propagators and (classical) vertices, and then extract further non-Gaussian contributions based on the framework of the Wilsonian renormalization group. It is conjectured that the EE in the infrared is given by a sum of all the vertex contributions in the Wilsonian effective action.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures; typos corrected, published version in Symmetry (v2

Evaluation of antixenosis in soybean against <i>Spodoptera litura</i> by dual-choice assay aided by a statistical analysis model: Discovery of a novel antixenosis in Peking

The method for evaluating soybean (Glycine max) antixenosis against the common cutworm (Spodoptera litura) was developed based on a dual-choice assay aided by a statistical analysis model. This model was constructed from the results of a dual-choice assay in which Enrei, a soybean cultivar susceptible to S. litura, was used as both a standard and a test leaf disc for 2nd–5th instar larvae. The statistical criterion created by this model enabled the evaluation of the presence of antixenosis. This method was applied to four soybean varieties, including Tamahomare (susceptible), Himeshirazu (resistant), IAC100 (resistant), and Peking (unknown), as well as Enrei. Subsequently, the degrees of antixenosis were also compared by F-test, followed by maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). According to the results, the antixenosis of Tamahomare, Himeshirazu, and IAC100 was statistically reevaluated and Peking exhibited a novel antixenosis, which was stronger for 3rd–5th instar larvae than for 2nd instar

Dramatic Dietary Shift Maintains Sequestered Toxins in Chemically Defended Snakes

Unlike other snakes, most species of Rhabdophis possess glands in their dorsal skin, sometimes limited to the neck, known as nucho-dorsal and nuchal glands, respectively. Those glands contain powerful cardiotonic steroids known as bufadienolides, which can be deployed as a defense against predators. Bufadienolides otherwise occur only in toads (Bufonidae) and some fireflies (Lampyrinae), which are known or believed to synthesize the toxins. The ancestral diet of Rhabdophis consists of anuran amphibians, and we have shown previously that the bufadienolide toxins of frog-eating species are sequestered from toads consumed as prey. However, one derived clade, the Rhabdophis nuchalis Group, has shifted its primary diet from frogs to earthworms. Here we confirm that the worm-eating snakes possess bufadienolides in their nucho-dorsal glands, although the worms themselves lack such toxins. In addition, we show that the bufadienolides of R. nuchalis Group species are obtained primarily from fireflies. Although few snakes feed on insects, we document through feeding experiments, chemosensory preference tests, and gut contents that lampyrine firefly larvae are regularly consumed by these snakes. Furthermore, members of the R. nuchalis Group contain compounds that resemble the distinctive bufadienolides of fireflies, but not those of toads, in stereochemistry, glycosylation, acetylation, and molecular weight. Thus, the evolutionary shift in primary prey among members of the R. nuchalis Group has been accompanied by a dramatic shift in the source of the species’ sequestered defensive toxins

Thermally altered subsurface material of asteroid (162173) Ryugu

International audienc

Entanglement distillation towards minimal bond cut surface in tensor networks

We propose that a minimal bond cut surface is characterized by entanglement distillation in tensor networks. Our proposal is not only consistent with the holographic models of perfect or tree tensor networks, but also can be applied for several different classes of tensor networks including matrix product states and multi-scale entanglement renormalization ansatz. We confirmed our proposal by a numerical simulation based on the random tensor network. The result sheds new light on a deeper understanding of the Ryu-Takayanagi formula for entanglement entropy in holography.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Identification of (+)-7R-Actinidine and its Biosynthetic Pathway in Rove beetles, Cafius spp. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Actinidine, a terpene alkaloid, is commonly found in various plants and insects. However, in recent years, it has been suggested that the presence of actinidine in these organisms may be due to artifacts resulting from heating during sample preparation and analysis. In this study, actinidine was successfully isolated and identified from rove beetles, specifically Cafius vestitus and Cafius pectoralis, using a nonheating extraction and purification method. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed actinidine production by these rove beetle species. Additionally, employing a chiral column for GC/MS analysis revealed that the compound is (+)-7R-actinidine, marking its first discovery in natural products. To elucidate the actinidine biosynthesis pathway, D-glucose-1-13C and mevalolactone-2-13C were fed to C. vestitus. Results indicated that both compounds were incorporated into actinidine in the beetles, leading to the conclusion that C. vestitus accumulates (+)-7R-actinidine, which is derived from the mevalonic acid pathway