2,066 research outputs found
Wealth Accumulation and Activity Choice Evolution Among Amazonian Forest Peasant Households
This paper examines investment and livelihood decisions among forest peasant households in the Amazonian floodplain. A dynamic household model of multiple asset accumulation and activity choice under risk and credit constraints is developed by incorporating natural resource use and human capital evolution. Asset portfolios and sectoral incomes are estimated and then simulated to investigate the endowment and lifecycle dependency as well as the convergence/divergence of asset accumulation and corresponding activity choices. Physical asset endowment (especially land) and different human capital evolutions across activities help to explain forest peasants' livelihood choices, distinctive asset portfolios, and divergent income outcomes over the lifecycle.
Smoothing Income against Crop Flood Losses in Amazonia: Rain Forest or Rivers as a Safety Net
This article examines the role of ex post labor supply in smoothing income in response to crop losses caused by large floods among riverine households in the Peruvian Amazon, where rich environmental endowments permit a variety of resource extractive activities and coping responses. The paper finds that households respond to crop losses primarily by intensifying fishing effort not by relying on gathering of non-timber forest products, hunting, or asset liquidation. This ex post labor adjustment helps to smooth total income against small crop losses but less well against large crop losses. Both relatively non-poor households with better fishing capital and poor young households with a physical labor advantage employ this natural insurance in rivers.
An hbar-expansion of the Toda hierarchy: a recursive construction of solutions
A construction of general solutions of the \hbar-dependent Toda hierarchy is
presented. The construction is based on a Riemann-Hilbert problem for the pairs
(L,M) and (\bar L,\bar M) of Lax and Orlov-Schulman operators. This
Riemann-Hilbert problem is translated to the language of the dressing operators
W and \bar W. The dressing operators are set in an exponential form as W =
e^{X/\hbar} and \bar W = e^{\phi/\hbar}e^{\bar X/\hbar}, and the auxiliary
operators X,\bar X and the function \phi are assumed to have \hbar-expansions X
= X_0 + \hbar X_1 + ..., \bar X = \bar X_0 + \hbar\bar X_1 + ... and \phi =
\phi_0 + \hbar\phi_1 + .... The coefficients of these expansions turn out to
satisfy a set of recursion relations. X,\bar X and \phi are recursively
determined by these relations. Moreover, the associated wave functions are
shown to have the WKB form \Psi = e^{S/\hbar} and \bar\Psi = e^{\bar S/\hbar},
which leads to an \hbar-expansion of the logarithm of the tau function.Comment: 37 pages, no figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:0912.486
Quantum and Classical Aspects of Deformed Strings.
The quantum and classical aspects of a deformed matrix model proposed
by Jevicki and Yoneya are studied. String equations are formulated in the
framework of Toda lattice hierarchy. The Whittaker functions now play the role
of generalized Airy functions in strings. This matrix model has two
distinct parameters. Identification of the string coupling constant is thereby
not unique, and leads to several different perturbative interpretations of this
model as a string theory. Two such possible interpretations are examined. In
both cases, the classical limit of the string equations, which turns out to
give a formal solution of Polchinski's scattering equations, shows that the
classical scattering amplitudes of massless tachyons are insensitive to
deformations of the parameters in the matrix model.Comment: 52 pages, Latex
hbar-Dependent KP hierarchy
This is a summary of a recursive construction of solutions of the
hbar-dependent KP hierarchy. We give recursion relations for the coefficients
X_n of an hbar-expansion of the operator X = X_0 + \hbar X_1 + \hbar^2 X_2 +
... for which the dressing operator W is expressed in the exponential form W =
\exp(X/\hbar). The asymptotic behaviours of (the logarithm of) the wave
function and the tau function are also considered.Comment: 12 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of the "International
Workshop on Classical and Quantum Integrable Systems 2011" (January 24-27,
2011 Protvino, Russia
Investigation of electron temperature gradient driven micro-reconnecting modes in toroidal high-energy plasmas
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 43).Experiments carried out with magnetically confined, high temperature plasmas have revealed important effects that have yet to be justified by existing theory. In particular, there arises an anomalous particle inflow in the central region of the plasma column. Experimental evidence suggests that this particle transport results from the excitation of unstable, short wavelength modes driven by the electron temperature gradient, but the validity of the existing theory is limited to the edge of the plasma column. This thesis investigates the question of how microscopic, electron temperature gradient driven, micro-reconnecting modes may collectively give rise to particle inflow in the central region of the plasma column by examining solutions to the mode dispersion relation. Derivations of micro-reconnecting modes in both fluid and kinetic theory are presented, and the resulting dispersion relation is analyzed.by Keven T. Takasaki.S.B
Toda Lattice Hierarchy and Generalized String Equations
String equations of the -th generalized Kontsevich model and the
compactified string theory are re-examined in the language of the Toda
lattice hierarchy. As opposed to a hypothesis postulated in the literature, the
generalized Kontsevich model at does not coincide with the
string theory at self-dual radius. A broader family of solutions of the Toda
lattice hierarchy including these models are constructed, and shown to satisfy
generalized string equations. The status of a variety of string
models is discussed in this new framework.Comment: 35pages, LaTeX Errors are corrected in Eqs. (2.21), (2.36), (2.33),
(3.3), (5.10), (6.1), sentences after (3.19) and theorem 5. A few references
are update
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