悩みへの否定的構え尺度の信頼性と妥当性の検討

本研究では，「悩みへの否定的構え尺度」の信頼性・妥当性を検討した。本尺度は，専門家による心理相談のもつ特徴から，特に主訴の形成に関わる個人内要因に焦点をあて，自分の悩みの捉えにくさ及び悩みへの否定的認識を測定するものとして開発されたものである。今後，より広い対象に実施できるよう大学生280 名と社会人498 名を調査対象とした。確認的因子分析，多母集団因子分析から一因子構造が確認され，内的一貫性と再検査法により一定の信頼性が確認できた。さらに，心理的過程への関心や洞察の能力を測る心理学的心性と，自身の悩みとの適切な距離・保持の仕方や積極的な捉え方を測る悩み体験スケールとの関連から構成概念妥当性が確認された。これらの結果から，本尺度が自分の悩みに対する態度を明らかにするためにおおむね妥当な尺度であると示された。最後に本研究の限界と今後の展望が示された。We developed the Negative Attitudes Regarding Own Worries Scale to assess factors related to perception of individuals’ psychological processes, and examined the reliability and validity of the scale. The scale assessed difficulties in recognizing a person’s worries and the negative perception of worries. University students (n = 280) and adults (n = 498) responded to the reseach. These responses were analyzed using exploratory and comfirmatory factor analisys, and multi-population factor analysis, which confirmed the one-factor structure of the scale. The adequate reliability of the scale was confirmed by the internal consistency and the test-retest reliability of the scale. Furthermore, the scale\u27s construct validity was assessed by the Psychological Mindedness Scale and the Experience in Being Worried Scale. The overall results indicated that this scale is valid for identifying attitudes about a person’s worries. Finally, the limitations and future research directions are discussed

Consider the guidance of the way on radiation and health in kindergarten, elementary and junior high schools consistently: Efforts on radiation education based on viewpoints of health education and science education

平成23年の東日本大震災による福島第一原発事故の災害により，福島県民の健康不安や周りの者からの風評被害が社会問題となり，教育現場においてもいじめなどの深刻な人権問題が生じた。そのことから，今後は，子ども達の放射線に関する基礎的知識の習得，放射線に関する課題についての思考・判断能力の育成が求められると考えられる。 本研究では，発達段階の違いを考慮した上で，実態に即した学習内容を検討するために小学６年生と中学３年生に「放射線に関する認識について」の調査を実施し，実態を比較検討した。その調査結果から，放射線についての教育プログラムを開発検討するにあたり，放射線についての正しい知識を身につけ，より実生活と結びついた教育内容を展開する必要があると考えた。研究結果として，小学６年生と中学３年生では放射線に関する認識・知識に大きな差が見られなかったことから，小学６年生と中学３年生の児童生徒が合同で放射線に関する学習プログラムを展開し，発達段階の異なる者同士が意見交換をしながら思考・判断能力を育むという，学習の相乗効果を見込んだ働きかけも可能であると考えられた。Due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident due to the Great East Japan Great Earthquake of 2011, damage caused by Fukushima citizen's health and rumors became a social problem and human rights problems such as bullying also occurred in the educational setting. From that, it is required to acquire basic knowledge on children's radiation and to develop thought / judgment abilities. In this research, we aimed to develop radiation education programs by conducting a survey on "radiation recognition perception" in elementary and junior high school students and junior high school graders. As a result, since there was no significant difference in elementary and junior high school students' recognition and knowledge, we thought that synergistic effects of learning can be expected by developing a learning program that elementary school students and junior high school students can jointly perform

Identification of a novel SEREX antigen family, ECSA, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may improve with early diagnosis. Currently it is difficult to diagnose SCC in the early stage because there is a limited number of tumor markers available.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-two esophageal SCC SEREX antigens were identified by SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning) using a cDNA phage library and sera of patients with esophageal SCC. Sequence analysis revealed that three of these antigens were similar in amino acid sequences, and they were designated as ECSA (esophageal carcinoma SEREX antigen)-1, -2 and -3. The ECSA family was also similar to an EST clone, hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 25a (HCA25a). Serum antibody levels to ECSA-1, -2 and -3 were significantly higher in patients with esophageal SCC than in healthy donors. Based on the conserved amino acid sequences, three peptides were synthesized and used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The serum antibody levels against one of these peptides were significantly higher in patients with esophageal SCC. This peptide sequence was also conserved in FAM119A, GOSR1 and BBS5, suggesting that these are also ECSA family members. Reverse transcription followed by quantitative PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of ECSA-1, -2 and -3 and FAM119A but not of HCA25a, GOSR1 and BBS5 were frequently elevated in esophageal SCC tissues.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have identified a new gene family designated ECSA. Serum antibodies against the conserved domain of the ECSA family may be a promising tumor marker for esophageal SCC.</p

Autism-Associated Gene Expression in Peripheral Leucocytes Commonly Observed between Subjects with Autism and Healthy Women Having Autistic Children

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder which has complex pathobiology with profound influences of genetic factors in its development. Although the numerous autism susceptible genes were identified, the etiology of autism is not fully explained. Using DNA microarray, we examined gene expression profiling in peripheral blood from 21 individuals in each of the four groups; young adults with ASD, age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (ASD control), healthy mothers having children with ASD (asdMO), and asdMO control. There was no blood relationship between ASD and asdMO. Comparing the ASD group with control, 19 genes were found to be significantly changed. These genes were mainly involved in cell morphology, cellular assembly and organization, and nerve system development and function. In addition, the asdMO group possessed a unique gene expression signature shown as significant alterations of protein synthesis despite of their nonautistic diagnostic status. Moreover, an ASD-associated gene expression signature was commonly observed in both individuals with ASD and asdMO. This unique gene expression profiling detected in peripheral leukocytes from affected subjects with ASD and unaffected mothers having ASD children suggest that a genetic predisposition to ASD may be detectable even in peripheral cells. Altered expression of several autism candidate genes such as FMR-1 and MECP2, could be detected in leukocytes. Taken together, these findings suggest that the ASD-associated genes identified in leukocytes are informative to explore the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental background of ASD and might become potential tools to assess the crucial factors related to the clinical onset of the disorder

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) from the rising sun (Far East Asia): phylogeny, systematics, and distribution

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) is a diverse family with around 700 species being widespread in the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. These animals fulfill key ecological functions and provide important services to humans. Unfortunately, populations have declined dramatically over the last century, rendering Unionidae one of the world’s most imperiled taxonomic groups. In Far East Asia (comprising Japan, Korea, and Eastern Russia), conservation actions have been hindered by a lack of basic information on the number, identity, distribution and phylogenetic relationships of species. Available knowledge is restricted to studies on national and sub-national levels. The present study aims to resolve the diversity, biogeography and evolutionary relationships of the Far East Asian Unionidae in a globally comprehensive phylogenetic and systematic context.We reassessed the systematics of all Unionidae species in the region, including newly collected specimens from across Japan, South Korea, and Russia, based on molecular (including molecular species delineation and a COI + 28S phylogeny) and comparative morphological analyses. Biogeographical patterns were then assessed based on available species distribution data from the authors and previous reference works.We revealed that Unionidae species richness in Far East Asia is 30% higher than previously assumed, counting 43 species (41 native + 2 alien) within two Unionidae subfamilies, the Unioninae (32 + 1) and Gonideinae (9 + 1). Four of these species are new to science, i.e. Beringiana gosannensis sp. nov., Beringiana fukuharai sp. nov., Buldowskia kamiyai sp. nov., and Koreosolenaia sitgyensis gen. & sp. nov. We also propose a replacement name for Nodularia sinulata, i.e. Nodularia breviconcha nom. nov. and describe a new tribe (Middendorffinaiini tribe nov.) within the Unioninae subfamily. Biogeographical patterns indicate that this fauna is related to that from China south to Vietnam until the Mekong River basin. The Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido, and the Korean Peninsula were identified as areas of particularly high conservation value, owing to high rates of endemism, diversity and habitat loss. The genetically unique species within the genera Amuranodonta, Obovalis, Koreosolenaia gen. nov., and Middendorffinaia are of high conservation concern

Updating the approaches to define susceptibility and resistance to anti-tuberculosis agents: implications for diagnosis and treatment

11 páginas, 2 figuras, 1 tablaInappropriately high breakpoints have resulted in systematic false-susceptible AST results to anti-TB drugs. MIC, PK/PD and clinical outcome data should be combined when setting breakpoints to minimise the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.I. Comas was supported by PID2019-104477RB-I00 from the Spanish Science Ministry and by ERC (CoG 101001038)Peer reviewe

Grain boundary self-diffusion in high-purity Fe-50 and 60 mass % Cr alloys

Grain boundary diffusivity of 51Cr and 59Fe in high purity Fe-50 mass% Cr and Fe-60 mass% Cr alloys have been measured in the temperature range from 473 to 1273 K by use of a serial lathe sectioning technique. Below 653 K, the grain boundary diffusivity has been determined from the type C kinetics, whereas above 923 K it has been obtained from the type B kinetics. Linear Arrhenius lines have been observed for both types of B and C kinetics. Putting the grain boundary width δ at 5.10–10 m for the type B kinetics, the Arrhenius lines for the grain boundary self-diffusion coefficients Dgb in Fe-50 mass% Cr alloy obtained from both types kinetics are smoothly expressed as a single line. They can be expressed as :[math] for chromium and[math] for iron.The grain boundary diffusivities of 51Cr and 59Fe in Fe-60 mass% Cr alloy measured above 973 K are only slightly larger than those in Fe-50 mass% Cr alloy. The ratio of the activation energy for grain boundary diffusion to that for volume diffusion in the Fe-50 mass% Cr alloy is 0.35 which is much smaller than 0.6-0.7 observed in many metals and alloys

Enhanced engraftment, proliferation, and therapeutic potential in heart using optimized human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes

最も移植効果の高い心筋細胞のステージを発見 : ヒトiPS細胞から分化させた心筋細胞の移植効果を高める. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2016-01-08.Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are a promising tool for cardiac cell therapy. Although transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived CMs have been reported in several animal models, the treatment effect was limited, probably due to poor optimization of the injected cells. To optimize graft cells for cardiac reconstruction, we compared the engraftment efficiency of intramyocardially-injected undifferentiated-iPSCs, day4 mesodermal cells, and day8, day20, and day30 purified iPSC-CMs after initial differentiation by tracing the engraftment ratio (ER) using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. This analysis revealed the ER of day20 CMs was significantly higher compared to other cells. Transplantation of day20 CMs into the infarcted hearts of immunodeficient mice showed good engraftment, and echocardiography showed significant functional improvement by cell therapy. Moreover, the imaging signal and ratio of Ki67-positive CMs at 3 months post injection indicated engrafted CMs proliferated in the host heart. Although this graft growth reached a plateau at 3 months, histological analysis confirmed progressive maturation from 3 to 6 months. These results suggested that day20 CMs had very high engraftment, proliferation, and therapeutic potential in host mouse hearts. They also demonstrate this model can be used to track the fate of transplanted cells over a long time