Discourse Analysis of Interpersonal Features in ESL and JSL Textbooks

Textbooks play an important role in language classrooms. They serve as models for language use in a target community and significantly influence language learners in their development of language use and perceptions of the target community. In traditional grammar teaching, teachers seldom look into linguistic choices at the discourse level and mainly use language textbooks to focus on grammatical accuracy at the sentence level. Language cannot be divorced from the context and culture of its use; contextual and cultural aspects of language are inherent in discourse. Language textbooks provide not only the needed linguistic resources, but also reflect the interpersonal aspects of language in communities. Those aspects of language use are often ignored in language classrooms, yet they provide important resources for learners on how to convey complex meanings in interactions. Through the analysis of Mood and subject personal pronouns in the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework, this study investigates how context, mode, and proficiency in English and Japanese contribute to create different interpersonal relationships between interlocutors in presented materials in upper level ESL and JSL textbooks. The findings demonstrate that linguistic choices are influenced by contexts, modes, proficiencies of target languages throughout interaction, and that those differences construct different interpersonal relationships. This study suggests explicit instructions on appropriate choices of language in particular situations in language classrooms

Influence of shock-bubble and bubble-bubble interactions on the collapse of a cluster of bubbles

The present work is concerned with direct numerical simulations for the shock-bubble and bubble-bubble interactions using the improved ghost fluid method in which the Riemann solutions are utilized to diminish numerical oscillations near interfaces. The influence of bubble size and bubble-bubble distance on the collapse of in-line two bubbles and in-line three bubbles are investigated to understand the conditions under which the bubble-bubble interactions accelerate or decelerate the bubble collapse. It is shown that when the in-line bubbles collapse by the incident shock wave, the collapse of the downstream bubble can be accelerated by the shock waves due to the collapse of upstream bubbles, while the collapse of the upstream bubbles is decelerated by the expansion wave cased by the reflection of the incident shock wave at the surface of the downstream bubbles. Also, there exists the bubble-bubble distance in which the collapse of the downstream bubble is most accelerated. When the downstream bubble is smaller than the upstream bubble, the downstream bubble collapses more violently than the single bubble at any distance between the bubbles. The phase of the downstream bubble at the impact of the shock waves generated from the upstream bubbles is important in determining the acceleration of the collapse of the downstream bubble. It is also shown that the pressure increase in liquid near the axis of symmetry around the downstream bubble increases with the increase of number of bubbles and with the decrease of the bubble-bubble distance because the pressure increase in liquid is caused by the superposition of the shock waves generated from all bubbles.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84251/1/CAV2009-final53.pd

Quantum algorithm for matrix functions

愛知県立大学2019年

Pathological Study of the Intestinal Infarction -especially Non -occlusive Intestinal Infarction

Among intestinal infarctions, there is a relatively high incidence of non-occlusive intestinal infarctions, which have no evidence of apparent mesenteric vascular occlusion . In these cases, etiology and/or pathogenesis are not known, though some authors described congestive heart failure, digitalis intoxication, minute vessel occlusion , vasospasmus and so on as the trigger of the disorders. The purpose of this study is to examine the vascular factors which have not been reported systematically. Fifteen autopsy cases were used for this study including five cases of vascular occlusive intestinal infarction (two of arterial occlusions, two of venous occlusions and one of strangulation) and ten non-occlusive ones. Specimens for pathological study were obtained from both mesenteries and intestinal walls. As to the lesions of the intestinal walls, there were some differences between arterial and venous occlusions. Arterial occlusion showed mucosal necrosis and submucosal congestion while venous occlusion showed marked edema and hemorrhage of intestinal walls with less common necrosis of the mucosa. Ten cases of non-occlusive intestinal infarctions consisted of eight diffuse and two segmental cases. In the latter, in addition to marked stenotic atherosclerosis of the proximal superior mesenteric artery(SMA), the branch of the SMA toward the impaired parts of intestine was also narrowed by arteriosclerosis. Three of eight diffuse infarction cases also had stenotic proximal SMA and one of them had diffuse arteriosclerotic narrowing from proximal SMA to small mesenteric arteries (vasa recta). One of the other five cases presented microthrombi in the intestinal wall, suggesting Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The remaining four cases had no obvious vascular changes. In clinical aspects, six of ten non-occlusive intestinal infarction cases had cardiac diseases such as congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and pericardial effusion . Hypertension was also found in five of ten cases. Hypotension (shock) before intestinal symptoms became manifest was not seen in any cases

A Cross-Cultural Study on Variables Influencing Gender Differences in Mathematics Performance

The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate gender differences in mathematics cross culturally (Japan and the United States), and to find whether there are gender differences in their sex-stereotyped beliefs about mathematics, attitudes toward mathematics, learning patterns of mathematics, and problem solving strategics/ causes of mistakes and whether there are relationships among these variables. There were 2 studies. In Study 1, two performance variables, efficiency of problem solving strategics and seriousness of causes of mistakes, were developed through protocol analysis. In Study 2 , 207 10th grade Japanese high school students and 164 9th to 12th grade American high school students participated. Subjects were administered (1) 5 SAT-Math items, (2) solution strategy and causes of mistake questionnaire, (3) attitude toward mathematics questionnaire, and (4) learning patterns questionnaire. A 2 (sex) x 2 (nation) analysis of variance and separate within nation univariate analysis by gender were performed on the 12 variables, 3 in each of 4 areas (sex-stereotyped beliefs about math, other attitudes toward math, learning pattern of math, and performance). For Japanese sample, moderate to large gender differences were found in the sex-stereotyping and attitude variables. For the U.S. sample, gender differences were found in sex-stereotyping variables were opposite for the Japanese sample and for the American sample. Among the American sample, females held more egalitarian views toward mathematics than males. in contrast, in the Japanese sample, it is the females who held stronger sex-stereotyped beliefs about mathematics than males. Regardless of students' nationality, there were significant relationships between attitude variables and learning variables