Comparison of ozone profiles from DIAL, MLS, and chemical transport model simulations over Río Gallegos, Argentina, during the spring Antarctic vortex breakup, 2009

This study evaluates the agreement between ozone profiles derived from the ground-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL), satellite-borne Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) simulations such as the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC-CTM) over the Atmospheric Observatory of Southern Patagonia (Observatorio Atmosférico de la Patagonia Austral, OAPA; 51.6°S, 69.3°W) in Río Gallegos, Argentina, from September to November 2009. In this austral spring, measurements were performed in the vicinity of the polar vortex and inside it on some occasions; they revealed the variability in the potential vorticity (PV) of measured air masses. Comparisons between DIAL and MLS were performed between 6 and 100hPa with 500km and 24h coincidence criteria. The results show a good agreement between DIAL and MLS with mean differences of ±0.1ppmv (MLS-´DIAL, n,=-) between 6 and 56hPa. MIROC-CTM also agrees with DIAL, with mean differences of ±0.3ppmv (MIROC-CTM-´DIAL, n,=-23) between 10 and 56hPa. Both comparisons provide mean differences of 0.5ppmv (MLS) to 0.8-0.9ppmv (MIROC-CTM) at the 83-100hPa levels. DIAL tends to underestimate ozone values at this lower altitude region. Between 6 and 8hPa, the MIROC-CTM ozone value is 0.4-0.6ppmv (5-8%) smaller than those from DIAL. Applying the scaled PV (sPV) criterion for matching pairs in the DIAL-MLS comparison, the variability in the difference decreases 21-47% between 10 and 56hPa. However, the mean differences are small for all pressure levels, except 6hPa. Because ground measurement sites in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are very sparse at mid-to high latitudes, i.e., 35-60°S, the OAPA site is important for evaluating the bias and long-Term stability of satellite instruments. The good performance of this DIAL system will be useful for such purposes in the future.Fil: Sugita, Takafumi. National Institute for Environmental Studies; JapónFil: Akiyoshi, Hideharu. National Institute for Environmental Studies; JapónFil: Wolfram, Elian Augusto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Salvador, Jacobo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa. Ministerio de Defensa. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégico para la Defensa; Argentina. Ministerio de Defensa; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Ohyama, Hirofumi. National Institute for Environmental Studies; Japón. Nagoya University; JapónFil: Mizuno, Akira. Nagoya University; Japó

Acquisition of Maltose Chemotaxis in Salmonella typhimurium by the Introduction of the Escherichia coli Chemosensory Transducer Gene

Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are closely related species. However, E. coli cells show maltose chemotaxis but S. typhimurium cells do not. When an E. coli chemotransducer gene (tar_E), the product of which is required for both aspartate and maltose chemotaxis, was introduced by using a plasmid vector into S. typhimurium cells with a defect in the corresponding gene (tar_S), the transformant cells acquired the ability for both aspartate and maltose chemotaxis. In contrast, when the tar_s gene was introduced into tar_E-deficient E. coli cells, the transformant cells acquired aspartate chemotaxis but not maltose chemotaxis. These results indicate that the absense of maltose chemotaxis in S. typhimurium is a consequence of the properties of the tar_s gene product

Iron-Based Heavy Quasiparticles in SrFe4_{4}Sb12_{12}: An Infrared Spectroscopic Study

Temperature-dependent infrared reflectivity spectra of SrFe$_{4}$Sb$_{12}$ has been measured. A renormalized Drude peak with a heavy effective mass and a pronounced pseudogap of 10 meV develops in the optical conductivity spectra at low temperatures. As the temperature decreases below 100 K, the effective mass ($m^{*}$) rapidly increases, and the scattering rate ($1/\tau$) is quenched. The temperature dependence of $m^{*}$ and $1/\tau$ indicates that the hybridization between the Fe 3d spins and the charge carriers plays an important role in determining the physical properties of SrFe$_{4}$Sb$_{12}$ at low temperatures. This result is the clear evidence of the iron-based heavy quasiparticles.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Electronic inhomogeneity in EuO: Possibility of magnetic polaron states

We have observed the spatial inhomogeneity of the electronic structure of a single-crystalline electron-doped EuO thin film with ferromagnetic ordering by employing infrared magneto-optical imaging with synchrotron radiation. The uniform paramagnetic electronic structure changes to a uniform ferromagnetic structure via an inhomogeneous state with decreasing temperature and increasing magnetic field slightly above the ordering temperature. One possibility of the origin of the inhomogeneity is the appearance of magnetic polaron states.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Characteristics of Atmospheric Wave-Induced Laminae Observed by Ozonesondes at the Southern Tip of South America

Fluctuations of ozone concentrations with dimensions of a few kilometers (i.e., ozone laminae) are frequently found in ozone-sounding profiles. We used ozonesonde measurements made at the southern tip of South America to examine the relationship between ozone laminae and atmospheric waves near the edge of the polar vortex and on the leeward side of the Andes Mountains. Laminar structures are formed by vertical and horizontal displacements of isopleths due to gravity waves and by isentropic advection of vortex air filaments with low ozone concentration due to Rossby wave breaking. We extracted components of these ozone fluctuations by applying a high-pass filter to the observed ozone profiles and normalizing them to background concentrations, which were extracted with a low-pass filter. Ozone fluctuations due to displacements caused by gravity waves were individually evaluated with experimental data. We assumed that the residuals between the observed and gravity wave-induced fluctuations were Rossby waves-induced fluctuations. We found that the gravity wave-induced variability was larger in the upper troposphere than in the lower stratosphere and was a maximum in winter. Rossby wave-induced variability showed a distinct seasonal pattern in the lower stratosphere and accounted for a large portion of the observed variability. We also examined the relationship between gravity wave-induced and Rossby wave-induced ozone variability and the differences in equivalent latitudes between the sonde positions and the polar vortex edge. We found that variability was larger inside than outside the polar vortex.Fil: Ohyama, Hirofumi. Nagoya University; JapónFil: Mizuno, Akira. Nagoya University; JapónFil: Zamorano, F.. Universidad de Magallanes; ChileFil: Sugita, Takafumi. National Institute For Environmental Studies; JapónFil: Akiyoshi, Hideharu. National Institute For Environmental Studies; JapónFil: Noguchi, Katsuyuki. Nara Women's University; JapónFil: Wolfram, Elian Augusto. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Salvador, Jacobo Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa. Centro de Investigación en Láseres y Aplicaciones; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Benitez, Griselda Carolina. Ministerio de Defensa. Secretaria de Planeamiento. Servicio Meteorológico Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Clinical utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for comprehensive genomic profiling of pancreatic cancer

Background/Aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) is essential for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The feasibility of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) using samples obtained by EUS-TA has been under recent discussion. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of EUS-TA for CGP in a clinical setting. Methods CGP was attempted in 178 samples obtained from 151 consecutive patients with pancreatic cancer at the Aichi Cancer Center between October 2019 and September 2021. We evaluated the adequacy of the samples for CGP and determined the factors associated with the adequacy of the samples obtained by EUS-TA retrospectively. Results The overall adequacy for CGP was 65.2% (116/178), which was significantly different among the four sampling methods (EUS-TA vs. surgical specimen vs. percutaneous biopsy vs. duodenal biopsy, 56.0% [61/109] vs. 80.4% [41/51] vs. 76.5% [13/17] vs. 100.0% [1/1], respectively; p=0.022). In a univariate analysis, needle gauge/type was associated with adequacy (22 G fine-needle aspiration vs. 22 G fine-needle biopsy [FNB] vs. 19 G-FNB, 33.3% (5/15) vs. 53.5% (23/43) vs. 72.5% (29/40); p=0.022). The sample adequacy of 19 G-FNB for CGP was 72.5% (29/40), and there was no significant difference between 19 G-FNB and surgical specimens (p=0.375). Conclusions To obtain adequate samples for CGP with EUS-TA, 19 G-FNB was shown to be the best in clinical practice. However, 19 G-FNB was not still sufficient, so further efforts are required to improve adequacy for CGP

End-to-End Joint Target and Non-Target Speakers ASR

This paper proposes a novel automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that can transcribe individual speaker's speech while identifying whether they are target or non-target speakers from multi-talker overlapped speech. Target-speaker ASR systems are a promising way to only transcribe a target speaker's speech by enrolling the target speaker's information. However, in conversational ASR applications, transcribing both the target speaker's speech and non-target speakers' ones is often required to understand interactive information. To naturally consider both target and non-target speakers in a single ASR model, our idea is to extend autoregressive modeling-based multi-talker ASR systems to utilize the enrollment speech of the target speaker. Our proposed ASR is performed by recursively generating both textual tokens and tokens that represent target or non-target speakers. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.Comment: Accepted at Interspeech 202

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells support hematopoietic recovery under stress conditions

The cell-cycle status of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) becomes activated following chemotherapy-induced stress, promoting bone marrow (BM) regeneration; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here we show that BM-resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) support the recovery of HSPCs from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced stress by secreting granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Mechanistically, IL-33 released from chemosensitive B cell progenitors activates MyD88-mediated secretion of GM-CSF in ILC2, suggesting the existence of a B cell-ILC2 axis for maintaining hematopoietic homeostasis. GM-CSF knockout mice treated with 5-FU showed severe loss of myeloid lineage cells, causing lethality, which was rescued by transferring BM ILC2s from wild-type mice. Further, the adoptive transfer of ILC2s to 5-FU-treated mice accelerates hematopoietic recovery, while the reduction of ILC2s results in the opposite effect. Thus, ILC2s may function by "sensing" the damaged BM spaces and subsequently support hematopoietic recovery under stress conditions.Sudo T., Motomura Y., Okuzaki D., et al. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells support hematopoietic recovery under stress conditions. Journal of Experimental Medicine 218, e20200817 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200817