An alternative gauged U(1)RU(1)_R symmetric model in light of the CDF II WW boson mass anomaly

We consider an explanation of CDF II W bosom mass anomaly by $Z-Z'$ mixing with $U(1)_R$ gauge symmetry under which right-handed fermions are charged. It is found that $U(1)_R$ is preferred to be leptophobic to accommodate the anomaly while avoiding other experimental constraints. In such a case we require extra charged leptons to cancel quantum anomalies and the SM charged leptons get masses via interactions with the extra ones. These interactions also induce muon $g-2$ and lepton flavor violations. We discuss muon $g-2$, possible flavor constraints, neutrino mass generation via inverse seesaw mechanism, and collider physics regarding $Z'$ production for parameter space explaining the W boson mass anomaly.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; version accepted for publication in Physical Review

Neutrinophilic DM annihilation in a model with U(1)Lμ−Lτ×U(1)HU(1)_{L_\mu-L_\tau} \times U(1)_{H} gauge symmetry

We propose a model with two different extra $U(1)$ gauge symmetries; muon minus tauon symmetry $U(1)_{{L_\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ and hidden symmetry $U(1)_H$. Then, we explain muon anomalous magnetic moment, semi-leptonic decays $b\to s\ell\bar\ell$, and dark matter. In particular, we find an intriguing dark matter candidate to be verified by Hyper-Kamiokande and JUNO in the future that request neutrinophilic DM with rather light dark matter mass$\sim{\cal O}(10)$ MeV.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures, 2 table

Remnant extraterrestrial noble gases in Antarctic cosmic spherules

Noble gas abundances in Antarctic cosmic spherules collected from the Tottuki Point on the Soya Coast, Antarctica, are considerably lower than those reported in unmelted micrometeorites, indicating severe heating of the cosmic spherules during atmospheric entry. Although ^3He was below detection limits (2 X 10^ cm^3 STP) in most spherules, ^3He was detectable in three spherules and their ^3He/^4He ratios were close to those of unmelted micrometeorites. Ne and Ar abundances and isotopic compositions were determined for more than half of the spherules. Thirteen samples had high ^Ne/^Ne ratios, possibly reflecting the presence of cosmogenic ^Ne, although blank corrections could not be made for most samples due to the low Ne concentrations. Eight particles had ^Ar/^Ar ratios lower than the atmospheric value of 296, and five of them also had SEP (solar energetic particles)-like Ne, confirming their extraterrestrial origin. These spherules apparently preserve extraterrestrial noble gases in their interiors in spite of severe heating. Sample To440080 has ^Ar/^Ar ratio (566.3±14.8) higher than that of terrestrial atmosphere in spite of the presence of SEP-like Ne, indicating different source material from some spherules and micrometeorites. Extraterrestrial Ne and Ar were not identified in 22 of 31 analyzed spherules, although relative noble gas abundances of fifteen spherules were similar to those of unmelted micrometeorites and clearly distinguishable from terrestrial materials such as terrestrial basalt, air, and water, reflecting their extraterrestrial origin. Since noble gas abundances in Antarctic spherules can be explained as mixtures of solar and Q-components and the contribution of adsorption air is insignificant, a majority of these Antarctic spherules represent accreted extraterrestrial material and are not volcanic products

Card-Based ZKP Protocols for Takuzu and Juosan

International audienc

CD4+ T-cell-dependent differentiation of CD23+ follicular B cells contributes to the pulmonary pathology in a primary Sjögren’s syndrome mouse model

Introduction: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the function of exocrine glands, such as the lacrimal and the salivary glands. Extraglandular lesions and malignant lymphoma also occur during the progressive stage of pSS. We have, herein, focused on the pulmonary lesions of pSS and have aimed clarifying their pathophysiological mechanism by comparing the glandular with the extraglandular lesions observed in a mouse model of pSS. Results: The histopathological analysis of lung tissues obtained from NFS/sld mice that have undergone neonatal thymectomy was performed. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted along with immunological analyses in order to characterize the unique phenotypes of the pulmonary lesions identified in these pSS model mice. Inflammatory lesions with a bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue-like structure were identified in the lungs of pSS model mice. In addition, relative to salivary gland lesions, pulmonary lesions showed increased CD23+ follicular B (FB) cells. In vitro and pulmonary B cells were more readily driven to CD23+ FB cell phenotype than salivary gland B cells in pSS model mice. Furthermore, the CD23+ FB cell differentiation was found to be enhanced in a CD4+ T-cell-dependent manner under a Th2-type condition in the lungs of herein examined pSS model mice. Discussion: A Th2-type response in the pSS lung may promote the progression of autoimmune lesions through an enhanced abnormal differentiation of B cells

原発性シェーグレン症候群モデルマウスにおいて唾液腺Natural killer細胞の恒常性の破綻がIFN-γを介して自己免疫病変を増強する

Objective: Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2, lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells, and ILC3 cell, play a key role in various immune responses. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of exocrine glands, such as the lacrimal and salivary glands (SGs). The role of NK cells among ILCs in the pathogenesis of pSS is still unclear. In this study, the characteristics and subsets of NK cells in the salivary gland (SG) tissue were analyzed using a murine model of pSS. Methods: Multiple phenotypes and cytotoxic signature of the SG NK cells in control and pSS model mice were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Intracellular expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) among T cells and NK cells from the SG tissues was compared by in vitro experiments. In addition, pathological analysis was performed using anti-asialo-GM1 (ASGM1) antibody (Ab)-injected pSS model mice. Results: The number of conventional NK (cNK) cells in the SG of pSS model mice significantly increased compared with that in control mice at 6 weeks of age. The production level of IFN-γ was significantly higher in SG NK cells than in SG T cells. The depletion of NK cells by ASGM1 Ab altered the ratio of tissue resident NK (rNK) cells to cNK cells, which inhibited the injury to SG cells with the recovery of saliva secretion in pSS model mice. Conclusion: The results indicate that SG cNK cells may enhance the autoreactive response in the target organ by upregulating of IFN-γ, whereas SG rNK cells protect target cells against T cell cytotoxicity. Therefore, the activation process and multiple functions of NK cells in the target organ could be helpful to develop potential markers for determining autoimmune disease activity and target molecules for incurable immune disorders

Global Gene Expression Profiling in PPAR-γ Agonist-Treated Kidneys in an Orthologous Rat Model of Human Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Kidneys are enlarged by aberrant proliferation of tubule epithelial cells leading to the formation of numerous cysts, nephron loss, and interstitial fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Pioglitazone (PIO), a PPAR-γ agonist, decreased cell proliferation, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation, and ameliorated PKD progression in PCK rats (Am. J. Physiol.-Renal, 2011). To explore genetic mechanisms involved, changes in global gene expression were analyzed. By Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of 30655 genes, 13 of the top 20 downregulated gene ontology biological process gene sets and six of the top 20 curated gene set canonical pathways identified to be downregulated by PIOtreatment were related to cell cycle and proliferation, including EGF, PDGF and JNK pathways. Their relevant pathways were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes database. Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 is a key enzyme in fatty acid metabolism found in the top 5 genes downregulated by PIO treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the gene product of this enzyme was highly expressed in PCK kidneys and decreased by PIO. These data show that PIO alters the expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and fatty acid metabolism

General characterization of Antarctic micrometeorites collected by the 39th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition: Consortium studies of JARE AMMs (III)

From November 1998 to January 1999,the 39th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-39) undertook Japanese first large-scale collection of Antarctic micrometeorites (AMMs), with sizes larger than 10μm, at the Meteorite Ice Field around the Yamato Mountains in Antarctica (at three different locations, for a total of 24 collection sites). The number of collected AMMs larger than 40μm is estimated to be about 5000. Here we present the general characterization (i.e., micro-morphology and surface chemical composition using SEM/EDS) of ∿810 AMMs chosen from 5 of the 24 sites. Additionally, the mineral composition of 61 out of 810 AMMs was determined by Synchrotron X-ray radiation. Preliminary results on mineralogical and chemical compositions show similarities with that of previous studies, even though a pronounced alteration of some AMMs is noticed. A correlation is found between the Mg/Si ratio at the sample\u27s surfaces of unmelted AMMs and the age of snow/ice in which the AMMs are embedded

Epithelial EP4 plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in colon

Colonic epithelial cells comprise the mucosal barrier, and their dysfunction promotes microbial invasion from the gut lumen and induces the development of intestinal inflammation. The EP4 receptor is known to mediate the protective effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the exact role of epithelial EP4 in intestinal pathophysiology remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of epithelial EP4 in maintaining colonic homeostasis by characterizing the intestinal epithelial cell-specific EP4 knockout (EP4 cKO) mice. Mice harboring the epithelial EP4 deletion showed significantly lower colonic crypt depth and lower numbers of secretory cell lineages, as well as impaired epithelial cells in the colon. Interestingly, EP4-deficient colon epithelia showed a higher number of apoptotic cells. Consistent with the defect in mucosal barrier function of colonic epithelia and secretory cell lineages, EP4 cKO colon stroma showed enhanced immune cell infiltration, which was accompanied by increased production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, EP4-deficient colons were susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Our study is the first to demonstrate that epithelial EP4 loss resulted in potential "inflammatory" status under physiological conditions. These findings provided insights into the crucial role of epithelial PGE2/EP4 axis in maintaining intestinal homeostasis