249 research outputs found
Az energiabiztonság elmélete = The theory of energy security
Following the landmark decision of Winston Churchill in 1913, oil has developed to be a strategic product even before it became a commercial item appearing on the markets. The aforementioned decision also had consequences to the course of the First and the Second World War, and affected the later efforts of the allied countries to gain influence in the Middle East. After a short historical overview of the main events of the second half of the 20th century from the perspective of the security studies, this paper wishes to present how the theories regarding energy security as a question of policy define the most crucial elements and dimensions of this field. Without presenting geopolitical and geoeconomic aspects, the theory of energy security cannot be considered as a whole, with regard to limitations of length, I would still do so. Instead, I intend to focus on theories aiming at establishing fundamental aspects, methods of calculation, indices, also with the aim of creating a new discipline
Adatok a Kisalföld flórájához és növényföldrajzához = Data to the flora and geobotany of Kisalföld (Lesser Plain) region, NW Hungary
Abstract – Lesser Plain (Kisalföld) – divided among three countries (Austria, Hungary and Slovakia) –
is the westernmost part of the lowland areas of the Pannonian Basin. Present paper provides a résumé
of the authors’ floristic work from the Hungarian part of the area, describing localities, habitats and
regional phytogeography of 57 taxa altogether. The localities were listed according to the classification
of small geographic regions. The most important results of the study are as follows:
• We recorded 5 species new to the region (Brachypodium rupestre, Bromus ramosus, Hypericum
dubium, Lathyrus sphaericus, Tordylium maximum); all of them can be considered as submontanemontane
elements.
• We reported several species new to a microregion within the Lesser Plain: montane species in the
W-SW part of the Plain (Cirsium rivulare, Dryopteris dilatata, Equisetum telmateia), loess-connected
species mainly on the Moson Plateau (Agropyron cristatum, Allium atroviolaceum, Euphorbia
salicifolia, Viola ambigua); and occurrences of species on sandy soils near the Lake Fertő (Draba
nemorosa, Stipa pennata).
• We explained the known localities of several salt tolerant species (e.g. Carex divisa, Crypsis
alopecuroides, Juncus maritimus, Limonium gmelinii, Suaeda pannonica) from the Lake Fertő and its
surroundings.
• We assessed the role of the forest management and nature conservational actions in the
distribution of some important tree species (Acer tataricum, Betula pubescens, Fraxinus ornus,
Quercus petraea, Salix pentandra).
• We discussed the regional nature conservational status of several protected and/or threatened
species (e.g. Allium carinatum, Allium suaveolens, Carex strigosa, Hottonia palustris, Potamogeton
coloratus, Stellaria palustris) in the Lesser Plain.
The activities of the authors in the surroundings of Győr were supported by monitoring results gained
during the Hungarian Little Plain project (LIFE08 NAT/H/000289).
Keywords: floristic studies, geobotany, nature conservation, salt tolerant species, steppe flora |
Összefoglaló – A Kisalföld flórája számos kistáj és növénycsoport tekintetében kifejezetten jól feltárt,
de akadnak nagyon hiányosan ismert területei is, elsősorban a régió nyugati részén. A szerzők 2001–
2014 közötti terepkutatásaik legfontosabb kisalföldi eredményeit adják közre a dolgozatban, amely 57
taxon adatait tartalmazza. A Kisalföld magyarországi oldalára új 5 faj (Brachypodium rupestre, Bromus
ramosus, Hypericum dubium, Lathyrus sphaericus, Tordylium maximum) felfedezése. Számos faj egyes
kistájakra nézve jelent újdonságot, a legtöbb ilyen adat azokról a kistájakról származik, amelyeket
korábban alig vizsgáltak (FertĹ‘-medence, Kapuvári-sĂk, Mosoni-sĂk). Nagy jelentĹ‘sĂ©gűek a FertĹ‘-
medence egyes sziki fajaival kapcsolatos megfigyelések (Carex divisa, Crypsis schoenoides, Juncus
maritimus, Suaeda pannonica, S. prostrata), mivel előfordulások a Fertő magyar oldalán tisztázatlan
volt. A szerzők elemezték egyes fafajok (Acer tataricum, Fraxinus ornus, Quercus petraea) őshonosságának kérdéskörét a térségben, továbbá értékelést adtak egyes védett vagy veszélyeztetett
fajok (pl. Allium carinatum, Allium suaveolens, Betula pubescens, Carex strigosa, Potamogeton coloratus,
Stellaria palustris) aktuális természetvédelmi helyzetéről is.
Kulcsszavak: flórakutatás, növényföldrajz, sziki és erdőssztyep növényfajok, természetvédele
Az energiabiztonság elmélete = The theory of energy security
Following the landmark decision of Winston Churchill in 1913, oil has developed to be a strategic product even before it became a commercial item appearing on the markets. The aforementioned decision also had consequences to the course of the First and the Second World War, and affected the later efforts of the allied countries to gain influence in the Middle East. After a short historical overview of the main events of the second half of the 20th century from the perspective of the security studies, this paper wishes to present how the theories regarding energy security as a question of policy define the most crucial elements and dimensions of this field. Without presenting geopolitical and geoeconomic aspects, the theory of energy security cannot be considered as a whole, with regard to limitations of length, I would still do so. Instead, I intend to focus on theories aiming at establishing fundamental aspects, methods of calculation, indices, also with the aim of creating a new discipline
A c-jun N-terminális kináz vĂ©dĹ‘ szerepe nitrogĂ©n-oxid által indukált szĂvizom apoptosisban = Cytoprotective role of c-jun N-terminal kinase in nitric oxide-induced cardic mycocyte apoptosis
A pályázat 4 Ă©ves futamideje alatt kettĹ‘s cĂ©lt prĂłbáltunk teljesĂteni. 1, Az alapkutatás mĂłdszereivel sejttenyĂ©szeteken vizsgáltunk a szĂvizomsejtek programozott sejthalálát, az intracelluláris jelátviteli mechanizmusokra koncentrálva. Az általunk kidolgozott in vitro szepszis modellen az vizsgáltuk, hogy a nitrogĂ©n-oxidhoz (NO) hasonlĂłan a Gram-negatĂv baktĂ©riumok sejtfalábĂłl származĂł endotoxin (LPS) is fokozza-e a szĂvizomsejtek apoptotikus sejtpusztulásának arányát. Kimutattuk, hogy az LPS indukálja a szĂvizomsejtek programozott sejthalálát az NO termelĹ‘dĂ©s fokozásán keresztĂĽl. A c-Jun N-terminális kináz (JNK) szerepĂ©t vizsgálva azt találtuk, hogy a JNK-nak kifejezett vĂ©dĹ‘ szerepe van a folyamatban. Az intracelluláris jelátviteli utakat vizsgálva kimutattuk, hogy az LPS az un. intrinsic apoptosis utat aktiválja. 2, A projekt második rĂ©szĂ©ben a szĂvizomsejtek regeneráciĂłs kĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©t vizsgáltuk szĂvizom infarktus után. Kidolgoztuk a humán szĂvizom apoptosis Ă©s perkután koronária intervenciĂł disznĂł modelljĂ©t, Ă©s vizsgáltuk az infarktusos terĂĽlet kiterjedĂ©sĂ©nek csökkenthetĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©t. MegállapĂtottuk, hogy mind az intrakoronáriás autolĂłg csontvelĹ‘i Ĺ‘ssejt transzplantáciĂł, mind a távirányĂtott ischaemiás posztkondicionálás szignifikáns mĂ©rtĂ©kben csökkenti az infarktusos terĂĽlet nagyságát. | During the period of four years, two goals were tried to achieve: 1, With basic science methods, the apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes were studied on cell cultures concentrating on the intracellular signalling pathways. On an in vitro sepsis model, it was analysed whether endotoxine (LPS), like nitric oxide (NO), induces apoptotic cell death. It was shown that LPS induces apoptotic cell death through NO production. Analysing the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) it was revealed the JNK has a protective role in the process. Studiing the intracellular signalling pathways it was shown that LPS activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. 2, In the second part of the project, the regeneration capabilities of cardiac myocytes were studied after myocardial infarction. The swine model of human myocardial infarction and pimary percutaneous coronary intervention was worked out and the reduction of infarct territory was analysed. It was revealed that both the intracoronary autologous bone marrow-derived stem cell transplantation and the remote ischemic postconditioning significantly decreases the infarct territory
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