Reproductive success of two male morphs in a free-ranging population of Bornean orangutans

The reproductive success of male primates is not always associated with dominance status. For example, even though male orangutans exhibit intra-sexual dimorphism and clear dominance relationships exist among males, previous studies have reported that both morphs are able to sire offspring. The present study aimed to compare the reproductive success of two male morphs, and to determine whether unflanged males sired offspring in a free-ranging population of Bornean orangutans, using 12 microsatellite loci to determine the paternity of eight infants. A single flanged male sired most of the offspring from parous females, and an unflanged male sired a firstborn. This is consistent with our observation that the dominant flanged male showed little interest in nulliparous females, whereas the unflanged males frequently mated with them. This suggests that the dominant flanged male monopolizes the fertilization of parous females and that unflanged males take advantage of any mating opportunities that arise in the absence of the flanged male, even though the conception probability of nulliparous females is relatively low

Predicting Yield, Flowering and Harvesting Dates of Highbush Blueberry Using Temperature Data: a Case Study in Field Science Center of Tohoku University

Poster Presentation

稀少遺伝子変異の集積が心筋梗塞発症に与える影響に関する研究

学位の種別: 課程博士審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学教授 徳永 勝士, 東京大学教授 山崎 力, 東京大学准教授 馬淵 昭彦, 東京大学講師 鈴木 亮, 東京大学講師 山下 裕玄University of Tokyo(東京大学

1,5-Bis[2,6-bis­(2,4,6-triisopropyl­phen­yl)phen­yl]-2,3,4,6,7-penta­tellura-1,5-di­stannabicyclo­[3.1.1]hepta­ne

The title compound, [Sn2(C72H98)Te2(Te3)], has a cage-like structure with bulky aryl substituents on the Sn atoms. The mol­ecule sits over a crystallographic twofold axis, and hence the asymmetric unit consists of one half-mol­ecule. Due to the twofold axis, the tritelluride part has a 1:1 disorder. One of the six-membered rings has a boat conformation, whereas the other has a chair conformation. The ditelluradistannane ring has a bent structure, with a dihedral angle of 32.89 (2)° between the two Te—Sn—Te planes

Stable isotopic investigation of the feeding ecology of wild Bornean orangutans

Objectives We applied stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses to wild Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) to investigate the feeding ecology of wild orangutans. Compared with African great ape species, orangutans are adapted to environments with chronic lower nutrition. But the usefulness of stable isotope analysis in the study of wild orangutan feeding ecology has not been fully explored. Methods The study site was a primary lowland dipterocarp forest in the Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 164 plant and 94 fecal samples collected across 18 months were analyzed. Results Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of plant food samples do not systematically vary by plant parts (i.e., bark, fruits, and leaves). Elemental composition and stable isotope ratios of orangutan feces do not systematically vary by orangutans' sex and age classes, although fecal stable isotope ratios showed seasonal fluctuations. No isotopic contribution of breast milk was found in fecal samples collected from individuals at 2.7–6.5 years of age. Conclusions This study revealed key characteristics of the stable isotope ecology of wild orangutans living in a primary lowland forest. Although there was little isotopic variation among plant foods and orangutan individuals, seasonal fluctuations in baseline isotope ratios or orangutans' diet were found in Danum valley

Formation of Zwitterionic Fullerodendron Using a New DBN-Focal Dendron

A new poly(amidoamine) dendron having 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) at the focal point was synthesized. Interestingly, formation of zwitterionic fullerodendrons (λmax = 930 nm for C60 and 795 nm for C70) were observed by Vis-NIR spectroscopy upon the reaction of C60 or C70 with the DBN-focal dendron. In particular, the C70 anion was effectively stabilized by the site isolation effect of the dendritic wedge. The half-life of fullerodendron 12b having C70 anion at the focal point reaches 7,345 min, which is 20 times longer than that of complex between C60 and pristine DBN. Furthermore, in order to confirm the structure of the zwitterionic complex, fullerodendron 12a was reprecipitated from benzonitrile/1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and was observed using IR spectroscopy and APPI-MS

Turicibacter and Acidaminococcus predict immune-related adverse events and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor

IntroductionImmune checkpoint inhibitors have had a major impact on cancer treatment. Gut microbiota plays a major role in the cancer microenvironment, affecting treatment response. The gut microbiota is highly individual, and varies with factors, such as age and race. Gut microbiota composition in Japanese cancer patients and the efficacy of immunotherapy remain unknown. MethodsWe investigated the gut microbiota of 26 patients with solid tumors prior to immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy to identify bacteria involved in the efficacy of these drugs and immune-related adverse events (irAEs).ResultsThe genera Prevotella and Parabacteroides were relatively common in the group showing efficacy towards the anti-PD-1 antibody treatment (effective group). The proportions of Catenibacterium (P = 0.022) and Turicibacter (P = 0.049) were significantly higher in the effective group than in the ineffective group. In addition, the proportion of Desulfovibrion (P = 0.033) was significantly higher in the ineffective group. Next, they were divided into irAE and non-irAE groups. The proportions of Turicibacter (P = 0.001) and Acidaminococcus (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the group with irAEs than in those without, while the proportions of Blautia (P = 0.013) and the unclassified Clostridiales (P = 0.027) were significantly higher in the group without irAEs than those with. Furthermore, within the Effective group, Acidaminococcus and Turicibacter (both P = 0.001) were more abundant in the subgroup with irAEs than in those without them. In contrast, Blautia (P = 0.021) and Bilophila (P= 0.033) were statistically significantly more common in those without irAEs.DiscussionOur Study suggests that the analysis of the gut microbiota may provide future predictive markers for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy or the selection of candidates for fecal transplantation for cancer immunotherapy

半野生ボルネオオランウータンにおけるオスの繁殖戦術と異性間食物移動の関係

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(理学)甲第21292号理博第4421号新制||理||1635(附属図書館)京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻(主査)教授 中川 尚史, 准教授 中村 美知夫, 教授 中務 真人学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of ScienceKyoto UniversityDGA