Molecular data confirm the mitosporic state of Hyphodermella rosae (Phanerochaetaceae) as the pathogen of rosaceous fruits in northern Iran

Hyphodermella is a genus of corticioid white rot fungi from the Phanerochaetaceae. Molecular data (partial SSU, LSU and complete ITS nrDNA) confirm the mitosporic state of Hyphodermella rosae as the causal agent of dry fruit rot of plum (Prunus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) from Mazandaran, Iran. The asexual state of H. rosae is characterized by the presence of unicellular, spherical mitospores, which are terminal or intercalary in position. Both basidia and mitospores were observed in the matured cultures of H. rosae, although we did not observe any basidiospores. The phylogeny of Phanerochaetaceae confirms Hyphodermella as a monophyletic lineage within the family and sister group to Phanerochaete with considerable bootstrap support. Both the isolates of mitosporic H. rosae nest within a clade, which includes its sexual counterpart. Hence, we conclude that the lifecycle of H. rosae includes at least two reproductive states, i.e. sexual and asexual. Mitosporic H. rosae is capable of infecting plants and produce similar disease symptoms as its sexual state.http://www.sydowia.at/syd62-1/syd62-1.htm2016-12-30am2016Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI

Optimising in vitro culture conditions for the truffle Tuber brumale

The vegetative propagation of ectomycorrhizal truffle fungi is limited by their slow mycelial growth. Many factors including media, isolate genotypes and environmental conditions can alter fungal mycelial growth rates. This study aimed to improve the in vitro growth rate of Tuber brumale by determining the optimal carbohydrate and nitrogen sources, temperature and pH. After 8 weeks, the highest level of growth and densest hyphal branching were recorded in the medium containing glucose as the main carbohydrate. For nitrogen, glutamine (200 mg N l-1) provided the greatest hyphal growth and density compared to the other amino acid treatments. Regarding temperature, 16°C proved to be optimal for T. brumale growth and branching. Media of pH 6 and pH 7 were most favourable for the growth of T. brumale. The results from this research provide baseline data on the vegetative nutrition of T. brumale and have implications for the in vitro culture of winter truffle hyphae

Influence of relative humidity and temperature on cultivation of pleurotus species

Fungi exhibit different behavior under different conditions and react to light, temperature, moisture content etc. The objective of  this study was to evaluate the degradation capability of three common white rot fungi, namely: Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju. The respective fungi were cultivated on rice straw under three different environmental conditions for 90 days. The fungi were collected, pure cultured, DNA extracted, and sequenced by ITS regions. The highest consumption of substrate occurred under the Cellar (dark) exposure condition with P. pulmonarius producing the least mass loss. The least amount of degradation occurred under the Air (daylight) condition for all of the fungi with the exception of P. pulmonarius. Exposure to light promoted the formation of fruiting bodies

Comparison of the decay behavior of two white‐rot fungi in relation to wood type and exposure conditions

Fungal wood decay strategies are influenced by several factors, such as wood species, moisture content, and temperature. This study aims to evaluate wood degradation characteristics of spruce, beech, and oak after exposure to the white-rot fungi Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor. Both fungi caused high mass losses in beech wood, while spruce and oak wood were more resistant to decay. The moisture content values of the decayed wood correlated with the mass losses for all three wood species and incubation periods. Combined microscopic and chemical studies indicated that the two fungi di ered in their decay behavior. While T. versicolor produced a decay pattern (cell wall erosion) typical of white-rot fungi in all wood species, P. ostreatus caused cell wall erosion in spruce and beech and soft-rot type I (cavity formation) decay in oak wood. These observations suggest that P. ostreatus may have the capacity to produce a wider range of enzymes/radicals triggered by the chemical composition of wood cell walls and/or local compositional variability within the cell wall

Differentiation of Fungal Destructive Behaviour of Wood by the White-Rot Fungus Fomes fomentarius by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

International audienc

Characterizations of tree-decay fungi by molecular and morphological investigationsin aniranian alamdardeh forest

Forest trees are considered important in ameliorating climate change through removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, for stabilizing water catchments and for timber production. Wood decay fungi are among the most important biotic factors in ecosystems, infecting valuable landscaping trees causing an economic loss or the preeminent recyclers of the wood. In a survey of forest trees in the Alamdardeh forest, northern Iran, fungal fruit bodies were collected and isolations made. Based on a combination of macro-morphological characteristics and molecular analyses, using the sequence data of ITS-rDNA, isolates were identified to the species level. A total of 22 species in nine families and 15 genera were identified. Most isolates were the white-rot fungi. Additionally, the brown-rot fungus Laetiporus sulphureus and the soft-rot species Xylaria longipes were indentifie

Influence of relative humidity and temperature on cultivation of pleurotus species

Fungi exhibit different behavior under different conditions and react to light, temperature, moisture content etc. The objective of  this study was to evaluate the degradation capability of three common white rot fungi, namely: Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju. The respective fungi were cultivated on rice straw under three different environmental conditions for 90 days. The fungi were collected, pure cultured, DNA extracted, and sequenced by ITS regions. The highest consumption of substrate occurred under the Cellar (dark) exposure condition with P. pulmonarius producing the least mass loss. The least amount of degradation occurred under the Air (daylight) condition for all of the fungi with the exception of P. pulmonarius. Exposure to light promoted the formation of fruiting bodies

Characterizing Fungal Decay of Beech Wood: Potential for Biotechnological Applications

International audienceThe biotechnological potential of nine decay fungi collected from stored beech logs at a pulp and paper factory yard in Northern Iran was investigated. Beech blocks exposed to the fungi in a laboratory decay test were used to study changes in cell wall chemistry using both wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju caused greater lignin breakdown compared to other white-rot fungi, which led to a 28% reduction in refining energy. Trametesversicolor caused the greatest glucan loss, while P. ostreatus and L. sajor-caju were associated with the lowest losses of this sugar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicated that white-rot fungi caused greater lignin degradation in the cell walls via the oxidation aromatic rings, confirming the chemical analysis. The rate of cellulose and lignin degradation by the T.versicolor and Pleurotus species was high compared to the other decay fungi analyzed in this study. Based on the above information, we propose that, among the fungi tested, P. ostreatus (27.42% lignin loss and 1.58% cellulose loss) and L. sajor-caju (29.92% lignin loss and 5.95% cellulose loss) have the greatest potential for biopulping